Cytokines and Chemokines in the Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
- PMID: 31907274
- DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900914
Cytokines and Chemokines in the Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is a CD4+ T cell-mediated demyelinating disease of the CNS that serves as a model for multiple sclerosis. Cytokines and chemokines shape Th1 and Th17 effector responses as well as regulate migration of leukocytes to the CNS during disease. The CNS cellular infiltrate consists of Ag-specific and nonspecific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, B cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. The mechanism of immune-mediated inflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis has been extensively studied in an effort to develop therapeutic modalities for multiple sclerosis and, indeed, has provided insight in modern drug discovery. The present Brief Review highlights critical pathogenic aspects of cytokines and chemokines involved in generation of effector T cell responses and migration of inflammatory cells to the CNS. Select cytokines and chemokines are certainly important in the regulatory response, which involves T regulatory, B regulatory, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. However, that discussion is beyond the scope of this brief review.
Copyright © 2020 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc.
Similar articles
-
An important role for the chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha in the pathogenesis of the T cell-mediated autoimmune disease, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.J Immunol. 1995 Nov 15;155(10):5003-10. J Immunol. 1995. PMID: 7594507
-
CNS chemokines, cytokines, and dendritic cells in autoimmune demyelination.J Neurol Sci. 2005 Feb 15;228(2):210-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2004.10.014. Epub 2004 Dec 19. J Neurol Sci. 2005. PMID: 15694210 Review. No abstract available.
-
Role of chemokines in the regulation of Th1/Th2 and autoimmune encephalomyelitis.J Clin Immunol. 1999 Sep;19(5):273-9. doi: 10.1023/a:1020535423465. J Clin Immunol. 1999. PMID: 10535603 Review.
-
Simvastatin ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by inhibiting Th1/Th17 response and cellular infiltration.Inflammopharmacology. 2015 Dec;23(6):343-54. doi: 10.1007/s10787-015-0252-1. Epub 2015 Nov 11. Inflammopharmacology. 2015. PMID: 26559850
-
IFN-β inhibits T cells accumulation in the central nervous system by reducing the expression and activity of chemokines in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Mol Immunol. 2015 Mar;64(1):152-62. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.11.012. Epub 2014 Nov 20. Mol Immunol. 2015. PMID: 25433436
Cited by
-
Nitric Oxide Induces a Janus Kinase-1-Dependent Inflammatory Response in Primary Murine Astrocytes.ASN Neuro. 2021 Jan-Dec;13:17590914211033650. doi: 10.1177/17590914211033650. ASN Neuro. 2021. PMID: 34498493 Free PMC article.
-
Cross-Talk of the CNS With Immune Cells and Functions in Health and Disease.Front Neurol. 2021 May 31;12:672455. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.672455. eCollection 2021. Front Neurol. 2021. PMID: 34135852 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Novel nano-carriers with N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-modified liposomes improve effects of C16-angiopoietin 1 in acute animal model of multiple sclerosis.Drug Deliv. 2023 Dec;30(1):2241664. doi: 10.1080/10717544.2023.2241664. Drug Deliv. 2023. PMID: 37545034 Free PMC article.
-
Piperine Improves Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Lewis Rats Through its Neuroprotective, Anti-inflammatory, and Antioxidant Effects.Mol Neurobiol. 2021 Nov;58(11):5473-5493. doi: 10.1007/s12035-021-02497-5. Epub 2021 Aug 2. Mol Neurobiol. 2021. PMID: 34338970
-
Sex differences in EAE reveal common and distinct cellular and molecular components.Cell Immunol. 2021 Jan;359:104242. doi: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104242. Epub 2020 Oct 22. Cell Immunol. 2021. PMID: 33190849 Free PMC article.
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
Grants and funding
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Research Materials
