Botrytis cinerea and Table Grapes: A Review of the Main Physical, Chemical, and Bio-Based Control Treatments in Post-Harvest

doi:10.3390/foods9091138

Review

. 2020 Aug 19;9(9):1138.

doi: 10.3390/foods9091138.

Botrytis cinerea and Table Grapes: A Review of the Main Physical, Chemical, and Bio-Based Control Treatments in Post-Harvest

Affiliations

¹ Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
² Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), c/o CS-DAT, Via Michele Protano, 71121 Foggia, Italy.
³ Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
⁴ InResLab Scarl, Contrada Baione, 70043 Monopoli, Italy.
⁵ AgroSup Dijon, 21079 Dijon CEDEX, France.
⁶ A.B.A. Mediterranea s.c.a.r.l., Via Parini, 1, 74013 Ginosa, Italy.

PMID: 32824971
PMCID: PMC7555317
DOI: 10.3390/foods9091138

Review

Botrytis cinerea and Table Grapes: A Review of the Main Physical, Chemical, and Bio-Based Control Treatments in Post-Harvest

Nicola De Simone et al. Foods. 2020.

. 2020 Aug 19;9(9):1138.

doi: 10.3390/foods9091138.

Affiliations

¹ Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
² Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), c/o CS-DAT, Via Michele Protano, 71121 Foggia, Italy.
³ Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
⁴ InResLab Scarl, Contrada Baione, 70043 Monopoli, Italy.
⁵ AgroSup Dijon, 21079 Dijon CEDEX, France.
⁶ A.B.A. Mediterranea s.c.a.r.l., Via Parini, 1, 74013 Ginosa, Italy.

PMID: 32824971
PMCID: PMC7555317
DOI: 10.3390/foods9091138

Abstract

Consumers highly appreciate table grapes for their pleasant sensory attributes and as good sources of nutritional and functional compounds. This explains the rising market and global interest in this product. Along with other fruits and vegetables, table grapes are considerably perishable post-harvest due to the growth of undesired microorganisms. Among the microbial spoilers, Botrytis cinerea represents a model organism because of its degrading potential and the huge economic losses caused by its infection. The present review provides an overview of the recent primary physical, chemical, and biological control treatments adopted against the development of B. cinerea in table grapes to extend shelf life. These treatments preserve product quality and safety. This article also focuses on the compliance of different approaches with organic and sustainable production processes. Tailored approaches include those that rely on controlled atmosphere and the application of edible coating and packaging, as well as microbial-based activities. These strategies, applied alone or in combination, are among the most promising solutions in order to prolong table grape quality during cold storage. In general, the innovative design of applications dealing with hurdle technologies holds great promise for future improvements.

Keywords: Botrytis cinerea; antimicrobial compounds; biocontrol; grey mould; modified atmosphere packaging (MAP); ozone (O3); post-harvest; preservatives; spoilage microbes; table grapes.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Effect of grey mould on cold-stored cv. “Italia” table grape berries. Image from Ahmed et al. [3].

**Figure 2**
Global area for the cultivation of organic grapes in the period 2004–2015. Source: Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL) and IFOAM—Organics International—SOEL magazine (2006–2017).

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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References

1. Pezzuto J.M. Grapes and human health: A perspective. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2008;56:6777–6784. doi: 10.1021/jf800898p. - DOI - PubMed
1. FAO OIV Table and Dried Grapes: World Data Available. [(accessed on 12 August 2020)]; Available online: http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/709ef071-6082-4434-91bf-4bc5b0138...
1. Ahmed S., Roberto S., Domingues A., Shahab M., Junior O., Sumida C., de Souza R. Effects of Different Sulfur Dioxide Pads on Botrytis Mold in ‘Italia’ Table Grapes under Cold Storage. Horticulturae. 2018;4:29. doi: 10.3390/horticulturae4040029. - DOI
1. Williamson B., Tudzynski B., Tudzynski P., Van Kan J.A.L. Botrytis cinerea: The cause of grey mould disease. Mol. Plant Pathol. 2007;8:561–580. doi: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2007.00417.x. - DOI - PubMed
1. Dean R., Van Kan J.A., Pretorius Z.A., Hammond-Kosack K.E., Di Pietro A., Spanu P.D., Rudd J.J., Dickman M., Kahmann R., Ellis J., et al. The Top 10 fungal pathogens in molecular plant pathology. Mol. Plant Pathol. 2012;13:414–430. doi: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2011.00783.x. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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[1] Pezzuto J.M. Grapes and human health: A perspective. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2008;56:6777–6784. doi: 10.1021/jf800898p. - DOI - PubMed

[2] Pezzuto J.M. Grapes and human health: A perspective. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2008;56:6777–6784. doi: 10.1021/jf800898p. - DOI - PubMed

[3] FAO OIV Table and Dried Grapes: World Data Available. [(accessed on 12 August 2020)]; Available online: http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/709ef071-6082-4434-91bf-4bc5b0138...

[4] FAO OIV Table and Dried Grapes: World Data Available. [(accessed on 12 August 2020)]; Available online: http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/709ef071-6082-4434-91bf-4bc5b0138...

[5] Ahmed S., Roberto S., Domingues A., Shahab M., Junior O., Sumida C., de Souza R. Effects of Different Sulfur Dioxide Pads on Botrytis Mold in ‘Italia’ Table Grapes under Cold Storage. Horticulturae. 2018;4:29. doi: 10.3390/horticulturae4040029. - DOI

[6] Ahmed S., Roberto S., Domingues A., Shahab M., Junior O., Sumida C., de Souza R. Effects of Different Sulfur Dioxide Pads on Botrytis Mold in ‘Italia’ Table Grapes under Cold Storage. Horticulturae. 2018;4:29. doi: 10.3390/horticulturae4040029. - DOI

[7] Williamson B., Tudzynski B., Tudzynski P., Van Kan J.A.L. Botrytis cinerea: The cause of grey mould disease. Mol. Plant Pathol. 2007;8:561–580. doi: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2007.00417.x. - DOI - PubMed

[8] Williamson B., Tudzynski B., Tudzynski P., Van Kan J.A.L. Botrytis cinerea: The cause of grey mould disease. Mol. Plant Pathol. 2007;8:561–580. doi: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2007.00417.x. - DOI - PubMed

[9] Dean R., Van Kan J.A., Pretorius Z.A., Hammond-Kosack K.E., Di Pietro A., Spanu P.D., Rudd J.J., Dickman M., Kahmann R., Ellis J., et al. The Top 10 fungal pathogens in molecular plant pathology. Mol. Plant Pathol. 2012;13:414–430. doi: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2011.00783.x. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[10] Dean R., Van Kan J.A., Pretorius Z.A., Hammond-Kosack K.E., Di Pietro A., Spanu P.D., Rudd J.J., Dickman M., Kahmann R., Ellis J., et al. The Top 10 fungal pathogens in molecular plant pathology. Mol. Plant Pathol. 2012;13:414–430. doi: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2011.00783.x. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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Botrytis cinerea and Table Grapes: A Review of the Main Physical, Chemical, and Bio-Based Control Treatments in Post-Harvest

Affiliations

Botrytis cinerea and Table Grapes: A Review of the Main Physical, Chemical, and Bio-Based Control Treatments in Post-Harvest

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Affiliations

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Conflict of interest statement

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