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. 2021 May 3;26(9):2681.
doi: 10.3390/molecules26092681.

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Spondias mombin Extract and Their Antimicrobial Activity against Biofilm-Producing Bacteria

Sumitha Samuggam  1 , Suresh V Chinni  1 , Prasanna Mutusamy  1 , Subash C B Gopinath  2 , Periasamy Anbu  3 , Vijayan Venugopal  4 , Lebaka Veeranjaneya Reddy  5 , Balaji Enugutti  6
Affiliations

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Spondias mombin Extract and Their Antimicrobial Activity against Biofilm-Producing Bacteria

Sumitha Samuggam et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Multidrug resistant bacteria create a challenging situation for society to treat infections. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the reason for biofilm bacteria to cause chronic infection. Plant-based nanoparticles could be an alternative solution as potential drug candidates against these MDR bacteria, as many plants are well known for their antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms. Spondias mombin is a traditional plant which has already been used for medicinal purposes as every part of this plant has been proven to have its own medicinal values. In this research, the S. mombin extract was used to synthesise AgNPs. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized and further tested for their antibacterial, reactive oxygen species and cytotoxicity properties. The characterization results showed the synthesized AgNPs to be between 8 to 50 nm with -11.52 of zeta potential value. The existence of the silver element in the AgNPs was confirmed with the peaks obtained in the EDX spectrometry. Significant antibacterial activity was observed against selected biofilm-forming pathogenic bacteria. The cytotoxicity study with A. salina revealed the LC50 of synthesized AgNPs was at 0.81 mg/mL. Based on the ROS quantification, it was suggested that the ROS production, due to the interaction of AgNP with different bacterial cells, causes structural changes of the cell. This proves that the synthesized AgNPs could be an effective drug against multidrug resistant bacteria.

Keywords: AgNP; Spondias mombin; biofilm bacteria.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
UV−Visible spectra of Spondias mombin leaf extract mediated silver nanoparticles.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Structural characteristics of produced AgNPs. (A) SEM image with the scale of 200 nm; (B) spherical AgNPs observed using AFM; (C) TEM image with the scale of 50 nm; (D) histogram representing AgNP size distribution; (E) energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis with field emission scanning electron microscopy; (F) energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis with TEM.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The zeta potential value of synthesized AgNPs.
Figure 4
Figure 4
X-ray diffraction pattern of synthesized AgNPs. Ag peaks are marked (*) and 2θ values are given.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Antimicrobial analysis against selected Gram-positive bacteria. A: Staphylococcus haemolyticus, B: Staphylococcus epidermidis, C: Bacillus subtilis, D: Staphylococcus aureus, E: Streptococcus pyogens, F: Lactobacillus. Comparative evaluation of selected Gram-positive bacteria vs. zone of inhibition.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Antimicrobial activity against selected Gram-negative bacteria. A: Proteus mirabilis, B: Salmonella typhi, C: Vibrio cholera, D: Enterobacter cloacae, E: Klebsiella pneumoniae, F: E. coli, G: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, H: Acinetobacter baumannii. Comparative evaluation of selected Gram-negative bacteria vs. zone of inhibition.
Figure 7
Figure 7
ROS production in selected Gram-positive bacteria. A: Staphylococcus haemolyticus, B: Staphylococcus epidermidis, C: Bacillus subtilis, D: Staphylococcus aureus, E: Streptococcus pyogenes.
Figure 8
Figure 8
ROS production in selected Gram-negative bacteria A: Proteus mirabilis, B: Salmonella typhi, C: Vibrio cholera, D: Enterobacter cloacae, E: Klebsiella pneumoniae, F: E. coli, G: Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Figure 9
Figure 9
The cytotoxicity rate of synthesized AgNPs using A. salina.
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