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Review
. 2022 Apr 25:2022:5344085.
doi: 10.1155/2022/5344085. eCollection 2022.

Cutaneous Wound Healing: A Review about Innate Immune Response and Current Therapeutic Applications

Affiliations
Review

Cutaneous Wound Healing: A Review about Innate Immune Response and Current Therapeutic Applications

Yara Adib et al. Mediators Inflamm. .

Abstract

Skin wounds and compromised wound healing are major concerns for the public. Although skin wound healing has been studied for decades, the molecular and cellular mechanisms behind the process are still not completely clear. The systemic responses to trauma involve the body's inflammatory and immunomodulatory cellular and humoral networks. Studies over the years provided essential insights into a complex and dynamic immunity during the cutaneous wound healing process. This review will focus on innate cell populations involved in the initial phase of this orchestrated process, including innate cells from both the skin and the immune system.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Wound healing process. Timeline of immune cell migration in relation with the phases of wound healing (adapted from [26]).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Inflammatory phase of wound healing. Main innate cells that invade wound bed in response to local stimuli upon injury.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Mast cell activities during wound healing. Secretion of mediators by MCs affects several phases of wound healing. As detailed here, MCs stimulate inflammation by releasing proinflammatory mediators inducing vascular permeability and recruitment of neutrophils (left side). MCs influence the remodeling phase and scar formation by secreting proteases that cleave extracellular matrix components and by producing a variety of mediators that stimulate fibroblasts (right side).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Macrophage polarization (switch M1/M2) during wound healing.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Crosstalk of NK cells with immature DC/activated DC and with resting or activated macrophages either by soluble mediators (blue arrows) or by direct receptor-mediated cell-cell interaction (orange arrows).

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