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Review
. 2022 Dec 29;28(1):269.
doi: 10.3390/molecules28010269.

Nomilin and Its Analogues in Citrus Fruits: A Review of Its Health Promotion Effects and Potential Application in Medicine

Zhenyu Zhou  1 , Yingxuan Yan  1 , Hongli Li  1 , Yaru Feng  1 , Cheng Huang  1 , Shengjie Fan  1
Affiliations
Review

Nomilin and Its Analogues in Citrus Fruits: A Review of Its Health Promotion Effects and Potential Application in Medicine

Zhenyu Zhou et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Nomilin is one of the major limonoids, which are plant secondary metabolites also known as tetranortriterpenoids. Nomilin is found mostly in common edible citrus fruits including lemons, limes, oranges, grapefruits, mandarins, along with traditional Chinese medicines derived from citrus fruits, such as tangerine seed, tangerine peel, fructus aurantii immaturus, etc. A number of studies have demonstrated that nomilin and its analogues exhibit a variety of biological and pharmacological activities. These include anti-cancer, immune-modulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-viral, anti-osteoclastogenic, anti-oxidant, and neuro-protective effects. Thus, nomilin and its analogues have emerged as a potential therapy for human diseases. The purpose of this review is to chronicle the evolution of nomilin research from examining its history, structure, occurrence, to its pharmacological and disease-preventing properties as well as its potential utilization in medicine and food science.

Keywords: biological activities; citrus fruits; health promotion; nomilin; tetranortriterpenoid.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The most abundant limonoid glucoside and aglycones.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Chemical synthesis of nomilin.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Nomilin content of citrus varieties at different fruit growth stages (mean ± SD). Left: falling stage; middle: young fruit stage; right: mature stage.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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