Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2023 Nov 27;13(12):2262.
doi: 10.3390/life13122262.

Non-Invasive Diagnostic of NAFLD in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Risk Stratification: Strengths and Limitations

Alina Boeriu  1   2 , Daniela Dobru  1   2 , Crina Fofiu  1   3
Affiliations
Review

Non-Invasive Diagnostic of NAFLD in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Risk Stratification: Strengths and Limitations

Alina Boeriu et al. Life (Basel). .

Abstract

The progressive potential of liver damage in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) towards advanced fibrosis, end-stage liver disease, and hepatocarcinoma has led to increased concern for quantifying liver injury and individual risk assessment. The combination of blood-based markers and imaging techniques is recommended for the initial evaluation in NAFLD and for regular monitoring to evaluate disease progression. Continued development of ultrasonographic and magnetic resonance imaging methods for accurate quantification of liver steatosis and fibrosis, as well as promising tools for the detection of high-risk NASH, have been noted. In this review, we aim to summarize available evidence regarding the usefulness of non-invasive methods for the assessment of NAFLD in T2DM. We focus on the power and limitations of various methods for diagnosis, risk stratification, and patient monitoring that support their implementation in clinical setting or in research field.

Keywords: biomarkers; diabetes; fibrosis; grading; imaging; monitoring; steatosis.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Strategy for NAFLD evaluation in T2DM patients. US: ultrasonography; VCTE: vibration-controlled transient elastography; LSM: liver stiffness measurement; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; MRE: magnetic resonance elastography; NASH: non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Estes C., Razavi H., Loomba R., Younossi Z., Sanyal A.J. Modeling the Epidemic of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Demonstrates an Exponential Increase in Burden of Disease. Hepatololgy. 2018;67:123–133. doi: 10.1002/hep.29466. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Younossi Z.M. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease—A Global Public Health Perspective. J. Hepatol. 2019;70:531–544. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.10.033. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Portillo-Sanchez P., Bril F., Maximos M., Lomonaco R., Biernacki D., Orsak B., Subbarayan S., Webb A., Hecht J., Cusi K. High Prevalence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Normal Plasma Aminotransferase Levels. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2015;100:2231–2238. doi: 10.1210/jc.2015-1966. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Casey S.P., Kemp W.W., McLean C.A., Topliss D.J., Adams L.A., Roberts S.K. A Prospective Evaluation of the Role of Transient Elastography for the Detection of Hepatic Fibrosis in Type 2 Diabetes without Overt Liver Disease. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 2012;47:836–841. doi: 10.3109/00365521.2012.677955. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Prashanth M., Ganesh H.K., Vima M.V., John M., Bandgar T., Joshi S.R., Shah S.R., Rathi P.M., Joshi A.S., Thakkar H., et al. Prevalence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J. Assoc. Physic. India. 2009;57:205–210. - PubMed

Grants and funding

This research received no external funding.

LinkOut - more resources

  NODES
Association 1
INTERN 2
Note 1
twitter 2