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Review
. 2024 Feb 28;10(5):e26862.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26862. eCollection 2024 Mar 15.

Recent understanding of the mechanisms of the biological activities of hesperidin and hesperetin and their therapeutic effects on diseases

Zhongkai Ji  1 , Wei Deng  1 , Dong Chen  1 , Zhidong Liu  1 , Yucheng Shen  1 , Jiuming Dai  1 , Hai Zhou  1 , Miao Zhang  1 , Hucheng Xu  1 , Bin Dai  1
Affiliations
Review

Recent understanding of the mechanisms of the biological activities of hesperidin and hesperetin and their therapeutic effects on diseases

Zhongkai Ji et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

Flavonoids are natural phytochemicals that have therapeutic effects and act in the prevention of several pathologies. These phytochemicals can be found in lemon, sweet orange, bitter orange, clementine. Hesperidin and hesperetin are citrus flavonoids from the flavanones subclass that have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor and antibacterial potential. Preclinical studies and clinical trials demonstrated therapeutical effects of hesperidin and its aglycone hesperetin in various diseases, such as bone diseases, cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, respiratory diseases, digestive diseases, urinary tract diseases. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the biological activities of hesperidin and hesperetin, their therapeutic potential in various diseases and their associated molecular mechanisms. This article also discusses future considerations for the clinical applications of hesperidin and hesperetin.

Keywords: Anti-inflammatory; Antibacterial; Antioxidant; Antitumor; Hesperetin; Hesperidin.

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Conflict of interest statement

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Chemicai structure of Hsd(A)、Hst(B)、HD-14(C) and HD-16 (D).
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Biological activity of Hsd and Hst and its impact on diseases.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Basic cellular mechanism of antioxidant activity of Hsd and Hst.+, Raise/activate; -, Deactivate/suppress.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Basic cellular mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity of Hsd and Hst.+: Raise/Activate; -: Deactivate/suppress.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Basic cellular mechanism of anti-cancer activity of Hsd and Hst.+: Raise/Activate; -: Deactivate/suppress.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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