Emerging delivery strategy for oncolytic virotherapy

doi:10.1016/j.omton.2024.200809

Review

. 2024 Apr 29;32(2):200809.

doi: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200809. eCollection 2024 Jun 20.

Emerging delivery strategy for oncolytic virotherapy

Jiao Zhu^{1

2}, Jinhu Ma¹, Meijuan Huang², Hongxin Deng¹, Gang Shi¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
² Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment and Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.

PMID: 38845744
PMCID: PMC11153257
DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200809

Review

Emerging delivery strategy for oncolytic virotherapy

Jiao Zhu et al. Mol Ther Oncol. 2024.

. 2024 Apr 29;32(2):200809.

doi: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200809. eCollection 2024 Jun 20.

Authors

Jiao Zhu^{1

2}, Jinhu Ma¹, Meijuan Huang², Hongxin Deng¹, Gang Shi¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
² Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment and Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.

PMID: 38845744
PMCID: PMC11153257
DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200809

Abstract

Oncolytic virotherapy represents a promising approach in cancer immunotherapy. The primary delivery method for oncolytic viruses (OVs) is intratumoral injection, which apparently limits their clinical application. For patients with advanced cancer with disseminated metastasis, systemic administration is considered the optimal approach. However, the direct delivery of naked viruses through intravenous injection presents challenges, including rapid clearance by the immune system, inadequate accumulation in tumors, and significant side effects. Consequently, the development of drug delivery strategies has led to the emergence of various bio-materials serving as viral vectors, thereby improving the anti-tumor efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy. This review provides an overview of innovative strategies for delivering OVs, with a focus on nanoparticle-based or cell-based delivery systems. Recent pre-clinical and clinical studies are examined to highlight the enhanced efficacy of systemic delivery using these novel platforms. In addition, prevalent challenges in current research are briefly discussed, and potential solutions are proposed.

Keywords: MT: Regular Issue; administration route; cell carrier; cell-derived vesicle; clinical trial; delivery strategy; nanoparticle; oncolytic virus.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interests.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Schematic diagram of various nanomaterials encapsulating OVs (A) Liposome-coated OVs, (B) polymer-coated OVs, (C) inorganic NP-coated OVs, (D) and cell membrane-derived nanovesicle-coated OVs.

**Figure 2**
Schematic diagram of various cells loading OVs

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

1. Shalhout S.Z., Miller D.M., Emerick K.S., Kaufman H.L. Therapy with oncolytic viruses: progress and challenges. Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 2023;20:160–177. doi: 10.1038/s41571-022-00719-w. - DOI - PubMed
1. Andtbacka R.H.I., Kaufman H.L., Collichio F., Amatruda T., Senzer N., Chesney J., Delman K.A., Spitler L.E., Puzanov I., Agarwala S.S., et al. Talimogene Laherparepvec Improves Durable Response Rate in Patients With Advanced Melanoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 2015;33:2780–2788. doi: 10.1200/jco.2014.58.3377. - DOI - PubMed
1. Dummer R., Gyorki D.E., Hyngstrom J., Berger A.C., Conry R., Demidov L., Sharma A., Treichel S.A., Radcliffe H., Gorski K.S., et al. Neoadjuvant talimogene laherparepvec plus surgery versus surgery alone for resectable stage IIIB-IVM1a melanoma: a randomized, open-label, phase 2 trial. Nat. Med. 2021;27:1789–1796. doi: 10.1038/s41591-021-01510-7. - DOI - PubMed
1. Todo T., Ito H., Ino Y., Ohtsu H., Ota Y., Shibahara J., Tanaka M. Intratumoral oncolytic herpes virus G47Δ for residual or recurrent glioblastoma: a phase 2 trial. Nat. Med. 2022;28:1630–1639. doi: 10.1038/s41591-022-01897-x. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Leslie M. Tumor-killing viruses score rare success in late-stage trial. Science. 2023;382:1101–1102. doi: 10.1126/science.adn3528. - DOI - PubMed

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[1] Shalhout S.Z., Miller D.M., Emerick K.S., Kaufman H.L. Therapy with oncolytic viruses: progress and challenges. Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 2023;20:160–177. doi: 10.1038/s41571-022-00719-w. - DOI - PubMed

[2] Shalhout S.Z., Miller D.M., Emerick K.S., Kaufman H.L. Therapy with oncolytic viruses: progress and challenges. Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 2023;20:160–177. doi: 10.1038/s41571-022-00719-w. - DOI - PubMed

[3] Andtbacka R.H.I., Kaufman H.L., Collichio F., Amatruda T., Senzer N., Chesney J., Delman K.A., Spitler L.E., Puzanov I., Agarwala S.S., et al. Talimogene Laherparepvec Improves Durable Response Rate in Patients With Advanced Melanoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 2015;33:2780–2788. doi: 10.1200/jco.2014.58.3377. - DOI - PubMed

[4] Andtbacka R.H.I., Kaufman H.L., Collichio F., Amatruda T., Senzer N., Chesney J., Delman K.A., Spitler L.E., Puzanov I., Agarwala S.S., et al. Talimogene Laherparepvec Improves Durable Response Rate in Patients With Advanced Melanoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 2015;33:2780–2788. doi: 10.1200/jco.2014.58.3377. - DOI - PubMed

[5] Dummer R., Gyorki D.E., Hyngstrom J., Berger A.C., Conry R., Demidov L., Sharma A., Treichel S.A., Radcliffe H., Gorski K.S., et al. Neoadjuvant talimogene laherparepvec plus surgery versus surgery alone for resectable stage IIIB-IVM1a melanoma: a randomized, open-label, phase 2 trial. Nat. Med. 2021;27:1789–1796. doi: 10.1038/s41591-021-01510-7. - DOI - PubMed

[6] Dummer R., Gyorki D.E., Hyngstrom J., Berger A.C., Conry R., Demidov L., Sharma A., Treichel S.A., Radcliffe H., Gorski K.S., et al. Neoadjuvant talimogene laherparepvec plus surgery versus surgery alone for resectable stage IIIB-IVM1a melanoma: a randomized, open-label, phase 2 trial. Nat. Med. 2021;27:1789–1796. doi: 10.1038/s41591-021-01510-7. - DOI - PubMed

[7] Todo T., Ito H., Ino Y., Ohtsu H., Ota Y., Shibahara J., Tanaka M. Intratumoral oncolytic herpes virus G47Δ for residual or recurrent glioblastoma: a phase 2 trial. Nat. Med. 2022;28:1630–1639. doi: 10.1038/s41591-022-01897-x. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[8] Todo T., Ito H., Ino Y., Ohtsu H., Ota Y., Shibahara J., Tanaka M. Intratumoral oncolytic herpes virus G47Δ for residual or recurrent glioblastoma: a phase 2 trial. Nat. Med. 2022;28:1630–1639. doi: 10.1038/s41591-022-01897-x. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[9] Leslie M. Tumor-killing viruses score rare success in late-stage trial. Science. 2023;382:1101–1102. doi: 10.1126/science.adn3528. - DOI - PubMed

[10] Leslie M. Tumor-killing viruses score rare success in late-stage trial. Science. 2023;382:1101–1102. doi: 10.1126/science.adn3528. - DOI - PubMed

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Emerging delivery strategy for oncolytic virotherapy

Affiliations

Emerging delivery strategy for oncolytic virotherapy

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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