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Review
. 2024 Jun 25:15:1414487.
doi: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1414487. eCollection 2024.

The genomic landscape of the immune system in lung cancer: present insights and continuing investigations

Mina Roshan-Zamir  1 , Aida Khademolhosseini  1 , Kavi Rajalingam  2 , Abbas Ghaderi  1   3 , Raja Rajalingam  4
Affiliations
Review

The genomic landscape of the immune system in lung cancer: present insights and continuing investigations

Mina Roshan-Zamir et al. Front Genet. .

Abstract

Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide, contributing to over a million cancer-related deaths annually. Despite extensive research investigating the genetic factors associated with lung cancer susceptibility and prognosis, few studies have explored genetic predispositions regarding the immune system. This review discusses the most recent genomic findings related to the susceptibility to or protection against lung cancer, patient survival, and therapeutic responses. The results demonstrated the effect of immunogenetic variations in immune system-related genes associated with innate and adaptive immune responses, cytokine, and chemokine secretions, and signaling pathways. These genetic diversities may affect the crosstalk between tumor and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment, influencing cancer progression, invasion, and prognosis. Given the considerable variability in the individual immunegenomics profiles, future studies should prioritize large-scale analyses to identify potential genetic variations associated with lung cancer using highthroughput technologies across different populations. This approach will provide further information for predicting response to _targeted therapy and promotes the development of new measures for individualized cancer treatment.

Keywords: genetic susceptibility; genetic variation; immunogenetics; immunotherapy; lung neoplasms.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Several immunogenetic factors associated with innate immune cells have been implicated in the progression of lung cancer. NK cell, natural killer cell; DC, dendritic cell; ILC, innate lymphoid cell; MARCO, macrophage receptor with collagenous structure; NOD2, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2; Erα, estrogen receptor α; MTA1, metastasis-associated gene 1; KLF4, Krüppel-like factor 4; FOSL2, FOS-like antigen 2; ARID5A, AT-rich interaction domain 5A; SLIT2, slit guidance ligand 2; ROBO1, roundabout guidance receptor 1; CRYAB, αB-crystallin; TLR, Toll-like receptor; KIR, Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor; TIM-3, T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3; TIGIT, T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains; PD-1, Programmed cell death protein 1; TGF-β, Transforming growth factor-β; TIM4, T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-4; HLA, human leukocyte antigen; MICA, MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A; EPHA5, erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor A5; STK11, Serine/threonine kinase 11; LOF, loss-of-function mutations; FABP5, Fatty acid-binding protein 5; ApoE, apolipoprotein E; PPDPF, pancreatic progenitor cell differentiation and proliferation factor.
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