Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy and Glycemia Risk Index in Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

doi:10.2147/DMSO.S482824

. 2024 Nov 6:17:4191-4198.

doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S482824. eCollection 2024.

Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy and Glycemia Risk Index in Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Yuchen Tang¹, PingPing Zhang², Li Li¹, Jialin Li¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
² Ningbo Center for Healthy Lifestyle Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.

PMID: 39526203
PMCID: PMC11550701
DOI: 10.2147/DMSO.S482824

Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy and Glycemia Risk Index in Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Yuchen Tang et al. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2024.

. 2024 Nov 6:17:4191-4198.

doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S482824. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Yuchen Tang¹, PingPing Zhang², Li Li¹, Jialin Li¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
² Ningbo Center for Healthy Lifestyle Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.

PMID: 39526203
PMCID: PMC11550701
DOI: 10.2147/DMSO.S482824

Abstract

Purpose: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a prevalent chronic complication of diabetes which is linked to chronic hyperglycemia and glycemic variability. This study aimed to investigate the association between the glycemia risk index (GRI) and DPN in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data.

Patients and methods: From 2019 to 2023, 862 adults diagnosed with T2DM were enrolled at a tertiary care diabetes center in Ningbo, China. The medical history and laboratory parameters were recorded. Neurophysiological examinations were performed to evaluate DPN. The CGM data were recorded for 14 days, and the GRI was calculated based on these data. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the odds ratio (OR) for DPN with an increased GRI.

Results: The prevalence of DPN in the ascending GRI quartiles was 41.6%, 47.9%, 49.1%, and 59.5%, respectively (P for trend < 0.001). In the multivariable logistic analysis, the highest GRI quartile exhibited a 63% greater risk of DPN (OR 1.631, 95% CI: 1.071 to 2.484, P = 0.023) than the lowest quartile after adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, diabetes duration, blood pressure, creatinine, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, lipid profile and glycated hemoglobin.

Conclusion: High GRI levels, as measured by CGM, were associated with a greater likelihood of DPN in T2DM patients.

Keywords: continuous glucose monitoring; diabetic peripheral neuropathy; glycemia risk index; microvascular complications.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Prevalence of DPN among quartiles (Q1-Q4) of (A) GRI, (B) HbA1c, and (C) TIR. (A) Q1: GRI≤8.28, Q2: 8.28<GRI≤16.79, Q3: 16.79<GRI≤33.76 and Q4: GRI>33.76. (B) Q1: HbA1c≤7.2, Q2: 7.2<HbA1c≤8.3, Q3: 8.3<HbA1c≤9.8 and Q4: HbA1c>9.8. (C) Q1: TIR≤74.4%, Q2: 74.4%<TIR≤86.5%, Q3: 86.5%<TIR≤92.9% and Q4: TIR>92.9%. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

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References

1. Armstrong DG, Tan TW, Boulton AJM, Bus SA. Diabetic Foot Ulcers: a Review. JAMA. 2023;330(1):62–75. - PMC - PubMed
1. Ma L, Chen J, Sun Y, Feng Y, Yuan L, Ran X. The perceptions of living with diabetic foot ulcers: a systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies. J Tissue Viability. 2023;32(1):39–50. doi:10.1016/j.jtv.2022.11.005 - DOI - PubMed
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1. Gouveri E, Papanas N. The Emerging Role of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in the Management of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: a Narrative Review. Diabetes Ther. 2022;13(5):931–952. doi:10.1007/s13300-022-01257-5 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
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[1] Armstrong DG, Tan TW, Boulton AJM, Bus SA. Diabetic Foot Ulcers: a Review. JAMA. 2023;330(1):62–75. - PMC - PubMed

[2] Armstrong DG, Tan TW, Boulton AJM, Bus SA. Diabetic Foot Ulcers: a Review. JAMA. 2023;330(1):62–75. - PMC - PubMed

[3] Ma L, Chen J, Sun Y, Feng Y, Yuan L, Ran X. The perceptions of living with diabetic foot ulcers: a systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies. J Tissue Viability. 2023;32(1):39–50. doi:10.1016/j.jtv.2022.11.005 - DOI - PubMed

[4] Ma L, Chen J, Sun Y, Feng Y, Yuan L, Ran X. The perceptions of living with diabetic foot ulcers: a systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies. J Tissue Viability. 2023;32(1):39–50. doi:10.1016/j.jtv.2022.11.005 - DOI - PubMed

[5] Pop-Busui R, Boulton AJ, Feldman EL, et al. Diabetic Neuropathy: a Position Statement by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(1):136–154. doi:10.2337/dc16-2042 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[6] Pop-Busui R, Boulton AJ, Feldman EL, et al. Diabetic Neuropathy: a Position Statement by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(1):136–154. doi:10.2337/dc16-2042 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[7] Gouveri E, Papanas N. The Emerging Role of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in the Management of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: a Narrative Review. Diabetes Ther. 2022;13(5):931–952. doi:10.1007/s13300-022-01257-5 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[8] Gouveri E, Papanas N. The Emerging Role of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in the Management of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: a Narrative Review. Diabetes Ther. 2022;13(5):931–952. doi:10.1007/s13300-022-01257-5 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[9] Beck RW, Connor CG, Mullen DM, Wesley DM, Bergenstal RM. The Fallacy of Average: how Using HbA1c Alone to Assess Glycemic Control Can Be Misleading. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(8):994–999. doi:10.2337/dc17-0636 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[10] Beck RW, Connor CG, Mullen DM, Wesley DM, Bergenstal RM. The Fallacy of Average: how Using HbA1c Alone to Assess Glycemic Control Can Be Misleading. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(8):994–999. doi:10.2337/dc17-0636 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy and Glycemia Risk Index in Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy and Glycemia Risk Index in Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

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