Mirmicine
Mirmicinele (Myrmicinae) sunt o subfamilie de furnici cu aproximativ 140 de genuri existente și cu un mare număr de specii. În America de Nord mai mult de 50% din numărul total de specii de furnici sunt mirmicine. În Europa trăiesc genurile: Aphaenogaster, Crematogaster, Formicoxenus, Harpagoxenus, Leptothorax, Messor, Monomorium, Myrmica, Myrmecina, Stenamma și Strongylognathus. Mirmicinele au un pețiol caracteristic, format din două articole, cel de-al doilea articol având forma unui nod. La femele și lucrătoare este prezent un ac rudimentar de apărare. Furnicile lucrătoare a speciilor europene nu au oceli.[1][2]
| Mirmicine Fosilă: 91–0 mln. ani în urmă Turonian – Prezent | |
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| Furnica lucrătoare a speciei Atta cephalotes | |
| Clasificare științifică | |
| Regn: | Animalia |
| Încrengătură: | Arthropoda |
| Clasă: | Insecta |
| Ordin: | Hymenoptera |
| Subordin: | Apocrita |
| Suprafamilie: | Vespoidea |
| Familie: | Formicidae |
| Subfamilie: | Myrmicinae Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835 |
| Genul tip | |
| Myrmica | |
| Genuri | |
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139 genuri | |
| Sinonime | |
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Myrmicidae | |
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Genuri
modificareMirmicinele cuprind 139 genuri grupate în 6 triburi:[3]
- Tribul Attini Smith, 1858
- Acanthognathus Mayr, 1887
- Acromyrmex Mayr, 1865
- Allomerus Mayr, 1878
- Apterostigma Mayr, 1865
- Atta Fabricius, 1804
- †Attaichnus Laza, 1982
- Basiceros Schulz, 1906
- Blepharidatta Wheeler, 1915
- Cephalotes Latreille, 1802
- Chimaeridris Wilson, 1989
- Colobostruma Wheeler, 1927
- Cyatta Sosa-Calvo et al., 2013
- Cyphomyrmex Mayr, 1862
- Daceton Perty, 1833
- Diaphoromyrma Fernández, Delabie & Nascimento, 2009
- Epopostruma Forel, 1895
- Eurhopalothrix Brown & Kempf, 1961
- Ishakidris Bolton, 1984
- Kalathomyrmex Klingenberg & Brandão, 2009
- Lachnomyrmex Wheeler, 1910
- Lenomyrmex Fernández & Palacio, 1999
- Mesostruma Brown, 1948
- Microdaceton Santschi, 1913
- Mycetagroicus Brandão & Mayhé-Nunes, 2001
- Mycetarotes Emery, 1913
- Mycetophylax Emery, 1913
- Mycetosoritis Wheeler, 1907
- Mycocepurus Forel, 1893
- Myrmicocrypta Smith, 1860
- Ochetomyrmex Mayr, 1878
- Octostruma Forel, 1912
- Orectognathus Smith, 1853
- Paramycetophylax Kusnezov, 1956
- Phalacromyrmex Kempf, 1960
- Pheidole Westwood, 1839
- Pilotrochus Brown, 1978
- Procryptocerus Emery, 1887
- Protalaridris Brown, 1980
- Pseudoatta Gallardo, 1916
- Rhopalothrix Mayr, 1870
- Sericomyrmex Mayr, 1865
- Strumigenys Smith, 1860
- Talaridris Weber, 1941
- Trachymyrmex Forel, 1893
- Tranopelta Mayr, 1866
- Wasmannia Forel, 1893
- Tribul Crematogastrini Forel, 1893
- Acanthomyrmex Emery, 1893
- Adlerzia Forel, 1902
- Ancyridris Wheeler, 1935
- Atopomyrmex André, 1889
- Calyptomyrmex Emery, 1887
- Cardiocondyla Emery, 1869
- Carebara Westwood, 1840
- Cataulacus Smith, 1853
- Crematogaster Lund, 1831
- Cyphoidris Weber, 1952
- Dacatria Rigato, 1994
- Dacetinops Brown & Wilson, 1957
- Dicroaspis Emery, 1908
- Dilobocondyla Santschi, 1910
- Diplomorium Mayr, 1901
- †Enneamerus Mayr, 1868
- †Eocenomyrma Dlussky & Radchenko, 2006
- Eutetramorium Emery, 1899
- Formicoxenus Mayr, 1855
- Formosimyrma Terayama, 2009
- Gauromyrmex Menozzi, 1933
- Goaligongidris Xu, 2012
- Harpagoxenus Forel, 1893
- Huberia Forel, 1890
- †Hypopomyrmex Emery, 1891
- Indomyrma Brown, 1986
- Kartidris Bolton, 1991
- Lasiomyrma Terayama & Yamane, 2000
- Leptothorax Mayr, 1855
- Liomyrmex Mayr, 1865
- †Lonchomyrmex Mayr, 1867
- Lophomyrmex Emery, 1892
- Lordomyrma Emery, 1897
- Malagidris Bolton & Fisher, 2014
- Mayriella Forel, 1902
- Melissotarsus Emery, 1877
- Meranoplus Smith, 1853
- Metapone Forel, 1911
- Myrmecina Curtis, 1829
- Myrmisaraka Bolton & Fisher, 2014
- Nesomyrmex Wheeler, 1910
- Ocymyrmex Emery, 1886
- †Oxyidris Wilson, 1985
- †Parameranoplus Wheeler, 1915
- Paratopula Wheeler, 1919
- Perissomyrmex Smith, 1947
- Peronomyrmex Viehmeyer, 1922
- Podomyrma Smith, 1859
- Poecilomyrma Mann, 1921
- Pristomyrmex Mayr, 1866
- Proatta Forel, 1912
- Propodilobus Branstetter, 2009
- Recurvidris Bolton, 1992
- Rhopalomastix Forel, 1900
- Romblonella Wheeler, 1935
- Rostromyrmex Rosciszewski, 1994
- Rotastruma Bolton, 1991
- Royidris Bolton & Fisher, 2014
- Secostruma Bolton, 1988
- Stereomyrmex Emery, 1901
- †Stigmomyrmex Mayr, 1868
- †Stiphromyrmex Wheeler, 1915
- Strongylognathus Mayr, 1853
- Temnothorax Mayr, 1861
- Terataner Emery, 1912
- Tetheamyrma Bolton, 1991
- Tetramorium Mayr, 1855
- Trichomyrmex Mayr, 1865
- Vitsika Bolton & Fisher, 2014
- Vollenhovia Mayr, 1865
- Vombisidris Bolton, 1991
- Xenomyrmex Forel, 1885
- Tribul Myrmicini Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835
- Manica Jurine, 1807
- Myrmica Latreille, 1804
- †Plesiomyrmex Dlussky & Radchenko, 2009
- †Protomyrmica Dlussky & Radchenko, 2009
- Tribul Pogonomyrmecini Ward, Brady, Fisher & Schultz, 2014
- Hylomyrma Forel, 1912
- Pogonomyrmex Mayr, 1868
- Tribul Solenopsidini Forel, 1893
- Adelomyrmex Emery, 1897
- Anillomyrma Emery, 1913
- Austromorium Shattuck, 2009
- Baracidris Bolton, 1981
- Bariamyrma Lattke, 1990
- Bondroitia Forel, 1911
- Cryptomyrmex Fernández, 2004
- Dolopomyrmex Cover & Deyrup, 2007
- Epelysidris Bolton, 1987
- Kempfidris Fernández, Feitosa & Lattke, 2014
- Megalomyrmex Forel, 1885
- Monomorium Mayr, 1855
- Myrmicaria Saunders, 1842
- Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926
- Rogeria Emery, 1894
- Solenopsis Westwood, 1840
- Stegomyrmex Emery, 1912
- Syllophopsis Santschi, 1915
- Tropidomyrmex Silva, Feitosa, Brandão & Diniz, 2009
- Tyrannomyrmex Fernández, 2003
*Tribul Stenammini Ashmead, 1905
- Aphaenogaster Mayr, 1853
- Goniomma Emery, 1895
- Messor Forel, 1890
- Oxyopomyrmex André, 1881
- †Paraphaenogaster Dlussky, 1981
- Stenamma Westwood, 1839
- Veromessor Forel, 1917
- incertae sedis
- †Afromyrma Dlussky, Brothers & Rasnitsyn, 2004
- †Attopsis Heer, 1850
- †Bilobomyrma Radchenko & Dlussky, 2013
- †Boltonidris Radchenko & Dlussky, 2012
- †Brachytarsites Hong, 2002
- †Cephalomyrmex Carpenter, 1930
- †Clavipetiola Hong, 2002
- †Electromyrmex Wheeler, 1910
- †Eocenidris Wilson, 1985
- †Eomyrmex Hong, 1974
- †Fallomyrma Dlussky & Radchenko, 2006
- †Fushunomyrmex Hong, 2002
- †Ilemomyrmex Wilson, 1985
- †Miosolenopsis Zhang, 1989
- †Myrmecites Dlussky & Rasnitsyn, 2003
- †Orbigastrula Hong, 2002
- †Quadrulicapito Hong, 2002
- †Quineangulicapito Hong, 2002
- †Sinomyrmex Hong, 2002
- †Solenopsites Dlussky & Rasnitsyn, 2003
- †Sphaerogasterites Hong, 2002
- †Wumyrmex Hong, 2002
- †Zhangidris Bolton, 2003
Note
modificare- ^ Mihail A. Ionescu, Matilda Lăcătușu. Entomologie. Editura Didactică și Pedagogică, București, 1971, 417 p.
- ^ Collingwood, C. A., 1979, The Formicidae (Hymenoptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark., Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica 8, pp. 1-174: 36-40
- ^ Myrmicinae. An Online Catalog of the Ants of the World
Bibliografie
modificare
- Vincent H. Resh, Ring T. Cardé. Encyclopedia of Insects. Second Edition. Academic Press, 2009
- John L. Capinera. Encyclopedia of Entomology. (4 Volume Set). Second Edition. Springer 2008
- Dlussky, G. M. & Perfilieva, K. S. (2003) Paleogene ants of the genus Archimyrmex Cockerell, 1923 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmeciinae). Paleontological Journal - 37: 39-47.
- Bolton, B. (1994). Identification Guide to the Ant Genera of the World. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Bolton, B. (1995). A New General Catalogue of the Ants of the World. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Bolton, B. (2003). Synopsis and Classification of Formicidae. 370 pp. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, Vol. 71. Gainesville, FL.
- Emery, C. (1921). Hymenoptera, fam. Formicidae, subfam. Myrmicinae. In P. Wytsman, ed., Genera Insectorum, fasc. , 174A, 1-94.
- Emery, C. (1922). Hymenoptera, fam. Formicidae, subfam. Myrmicinae. In P. Wytsman, ed., Genera Insectorum, fasc. , 174B-C, 95-397.
- Holldobler, B. and E. O. Wilson. (1990). The Ants. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Kugler, C. (1978). A comparative study of the myrmicine sting apparatus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Stud. Ent., 20, 413-548.
- Kugler, C. (1979). Evolution of the sting apparatus in the myrmicine ants. Evolution, 33, 117-130.
- Ogata, K. (1991). A generic synopsis of the poneroid complex of the family Formicidae in Japan (Hymenoptera). Part II. Subfamily Myrmicinae. Bull. Inst. Trop. Agr., . Kyushu Univ., 14, 61-149.