ᱪᱮᱬᱮ

ᱪᱮᱬᱮ; ᱢᱮᱥᱨᱮᱡ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ: ; Early Cretaceous (Aptian) – Present, 121–0 Mya PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ
Missing taxonomy template (fix):	Ornithurae/skip
Class:	Aves; Linnaeus, 1758
Extant orders and temporal range
	See orders * Infraclass Palaeognathae Superorder Struthionimorphae Struthioniformes (Ostrichs) – 58?–0 Mya, Late Paleocene?–Present; ; Superorder Notopalaeognathae Rheiformes (Rheas) – 56–0 Mya, Late Paleocene–Present; Tinamiformes (Tinamous) – 10–0 Mya, Middle Miocene–Present; Casuariiformes (Casowaries and Emus) – 58.7–0 Mya, Late Paleocene–Present; Apterygiformes (Kiwis) – 23.03–0 Mya, Early Miocene–Present; ; ; Infraclass Neognathae Superorder Galloanserae Galliformes (Gamebirds) – 45–0 Mya, Middle Eocene–Present; Anseriformes (Waterfowl) – 71–0 Mya, Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)–Present; ; Superorder Neoaves Phoenicopteriformes (Flamingos) – 50–0 Mya, Early Eocene–Present; Podicipediformes (Grebes) – 25–0 Mya, Late Oligocene–Present; Columbiformes (Pigeons and doves) – 23.03–0 Mya, Early Miocene–Present; Mesitornithiformes (Mesites) – No fossil records; Pterocliformes (Sandgrouse) – 33.9–0 Mya, Late Oligocene–Present; Apodiformes (swifts, treeswifts and hummingbirds) – 52–0 Mya, Early Eocene–Present; Caprimulgiformes (Nightjars, nighthawks, potoos, oilbirds, frogmouths and owlet-nightjars) – 59.2–0 Mya, Middle Paleocene–Present; Cuculiformes (Cuckoos, anis, etc) – 34–0 Mya, Late Miocene–Present; Otidiformes (Bustards, floricans, etc) – 13–0 Mya, Middle Miocene–Present; Musophagiformes (Turacos and go-away-birds) – 24–0 Mya, Late Oligocene–Present; Opisthocomiformes (Hoatzin) – 33.9–0 Mya, Late Eocene–Present; Gruiformes (Cranes, crakes, rails, wood-rails, fluftais, gallinules, limpkins, trumpeters, finfoots and sungrebes) – 66–0 Mya, Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)–Present; Charadriiformes (Plovers, crab plovers, lapwings, seagulls, puffins, auks, sandipipers, buttonquails, stilts, avocets, ibisbills, woodcocks, skuas, etc) – 75–0 Mya, Late Cretaceous (Campanian)–Present; Gaviiformes (Loons) – 70–0 Mya, Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)–Present; Procellariiformes (petrels, storm petrels, albatrosses and diving petrels) – 33.9–0 Mya, Early Oligocene–Present; Sphenisciformes (penguins) – 62–0 Mya, Early Paleocene–Present; Ciconiiformes (storks, openbills and jabirus) – 30–0 Mya, Early Oligocene–Present; Suliformes (boobies, gannets, frigatebirds, cormorants, shags and anhingas) – 90–0 Mya, Late Cretaceous (Turonian)–Present; Pelecaniformes (pelicans, ibises, shoebills, egrets, herons, etc) – 66–0 Mya, Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)–Present; Eurypygiformes (sunbitterns and kagu) – 56–0 Mya, Late Paleocene–Present; Phaethontiformes (tropicbirds) – 58.7–0 Mya, Late Paleocene–Present; Cathartiformes (New World vultures) – 41–0 Mya, Middle Eocene–Present; Accipitriformes (eagles, Old World vultures, secretary-birds, hawks, harriers, etc) – 47–0 Mya, Late Eocene–Present; Strigiformes (owls) – 30–0 Mya, Early Oligocene–Present; Coliiformes (mousebirds) – ~65–0 Mya, Early Paleocene–Present; Leptosomiformes (cuckoorollers) – No fossil record; Trogoniformes (trogons and quetzals) – 49–0 Mya, Early Eocene–Present; Bucerotiformes (hornbills, hoopoes and wood-hoopoes) – ~40–0 Mya, Middle Eocene–Present; Coraciiformes (rollers, bee eaters, todys, kingfishers, etc) – 41.2–0 Mya, Middle Eocene–Present; Piciformes (woodpeckers, flickers, toucans, aracaris, motmots, etc) – 56–0 Mya, Early Eocene–Present; Cariamiformes (seriema) – 66–0 Mya, Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)–Present; Falconiformes (falcons and caracaras) – 50–0 Mya, Early Eocene–Present; Psittaciformes (parrots and cockatoos) – 50–0 Mya, Early Eocene–Present; Passeriformes (passerines) – 52.5–0 Mya, Early Eocene–Present; ; ;
Synonyms
	Neornithes Gadow, 1883;

ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱠᱬᱟᱹᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱩᱱᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾^[᱓] ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱮᱣᱤᱥ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱩᱱᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱡᱽ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱑᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾^[᱔] ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱒" ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱘ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱠ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱸᱴᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱠ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱜᱮᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱜᱟᱺᱦᱤᱨ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱕᱐ ᱢᱤ. ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱮᱥᱟᱭ ᱠᱤᱞᱚ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱠᱬᱟᱹᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱴᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱤᱵᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱚᱨᱚᱠ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱩᱱᱛᱩᱠ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱠᱬᱟᱹᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱛᱩᱞᱩᱡ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱤᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱴᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ, ᱦᱚᱴᱚᱜ, ᱜᱩᱸᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱩᱯᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱥᱠᱩᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱚᱱᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ

ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱤᱞ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱛᱟᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱜ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱚᱲᱚᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱜ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱠᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ ᱜᱮᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱩᱴᱩ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱩᱴᱩ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱮᱢᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱵᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱴᱟ ᱜᱟᱡᱟᱲ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱡᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱪᱮᱬᱮ

ᱪᱮᱬᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ

ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱱᱤ ᱱᱤᱱᱤ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱦᱟᱸᱥ ᱦᱟᱺᱥᱞᱤ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱜ, ᱢᱤᱨᱩ, ᱥᱟᱨᱚ, ᱠᱚᱭᱮᱞ, ᱯᱚᱛᱟᱢ, ᱯᱟᱣᱨᱟ, ᱠᱤᱥᱱᱤ, ᱜᱩᱸᱰᱨᱤ, ᱩᱸᱴ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ, ᱜᱷᱮᱲᱣᱟ, ᱪᱟᱹᱧᱪᱤᱨ, ᱛᱩᱫ, ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱩ, ᱠᱩᱲᱤᱫ, ᱯᱟᱡᱷᱟᱲ, ᱜᱤᱫᱤ, ᱠᱚᱜ, ᱞᱩᱵᱩᱜ ᱠᱚᱜ, ᱰᱟᱹᱠ, ᱫᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ, ᱠᱟᱺᱭᱩᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱠᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱜᱮ, ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱧᱮᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱩᱰᱩᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱫᱽᱲᱟ, ᱵᱟᱹᱨᱫᱩᱲᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱾ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣᱜ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮᱫᱚ ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱜᱮᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱩᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱛᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱴᱷᱚᱱᱴᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱫᱚᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱥᱩᱞ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ: ᱥᱤᱢ, ᱜᱮᱰᱮ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣᱜᱼᱟ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱾ ^[᱕]

ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ

ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱷᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱡᱚ, ᱵᱟᱦᱟ, ᱡᱟᱝ, ᱥᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱤᱞ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱦᱟᱞᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾

ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

Birdlife International—Dedicated to bird conservation worldwide; has a database with about 250,000 records on endangered bird species.
Bird biogeography Archived ᱒᱐᱐᱗-᱐᱓-᱐᱔ at the Wayback Machine.
Birds and Science Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱐-᱐᱘-᱑᱐ at the Wayback Machine. from the National Audubon Society
Cornell Lab of Ornithology
Essays on bird biology
North American Birds for Kids
Ornithology
Sora—Searchable online research archive; Archives of the following ornithological journals The Auk, Condor (journal)|Condor, Journal of Field Ornithology, North American Bird Bander, Studies in Avian Biology, Pacific Coast Avifauna, and the Wilson Bulletin.
The Internet Bird Collection—A free library of videos of the world's birds
The Institute for Bird Populations, California
list of field guides to birds, from the International Field Guides database
RSPB bird identifier—Interactive identification of all UK birds

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

↑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named divergence
↑ Brands, Sheila (14 August 2008). "Systema Naturae 2000 / Classification, Class Aves". Project: The Taxonomicon. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
↑ del Hoyo, Josep (1992). Handbook of Birds of the World, Volume 1: Ostrich to Ducks. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. ISBN 84-87334-10-5. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
↑ Newton, Ian (2003). पक्षियों के बायोजियोग्राफी प्रजातीकरण. Amsterdam: Academic Press. pp. p. 463. ISBN 0-12-517375-X. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
↑ "List of birds of India". Wikipedia. 2007-04-27. Retrieved 2019-08-27.

[divergence-1] ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named divergence

[2] Brands, Sheila (14 August 2008). "Systema Naturae 2000 / Classification, Class Aves". Project: The Taxonomicon. Retrieved 11 June 2012.

[3] Hoyo, Josep (1992). Handbook of Birds of the World, Volume 1: Ostrich to Ducks. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. ISBN 84-87334-10-5. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

[4] Newton, Ian (2003). पक्षियों के बायोजियोग्राफी प्रजातीकरण. Amsterdam: Academic Press. pp. p. 463. ISBN 0-12-517375-X. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)

[5] "List of birds of India". Wikipedia. 2007-04-27. Retrieved 2019-08-27.

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[᱔]

[᱑]

[᱒]

[᱕]