Matanzas
Matanzas is the caipital o the Cuban province o Matanzas. It is famit for its poets, cultur, an Afro-Cuban fowklore.
Matanzas (San Carlos y San Severino de Matanzas) | |
|---|---|
 The ceety an bay o Matanzas wi the Valle de Yumurí in the backgrund. | |
| Eik-name(s): La Atenas de Cuba Venice o Cuba Ceety o Brigs | |
  Matanzas Location o Matanzas in Cuba | |
| Coordinates: 23°03′4″N 81°34′31″W / 23.05111°N 81.57528°W | |
| Kintra |  Cuba |
| Province | Matanzas |
| Settled | 1572 |
| Foondit | 1693[1] |
| Established | 1695 |
| Area | |
| • Total | 317 km2 (122 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 20 m (70 ft) |
| Population (2004)[3] | |
| • Total | 143,706 |
| • Density | 453.3/km2 (1,174/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (EST) |
| Area code(s) | +53-52 |
It is locatit on the northren shore o the island o Cuba, on the Bay o Matanzas (Spaingie: Bahia de Matanzas), 90 kilometre (56 mi) east o the caipital Havana an 32 kilometre (20 mi) wast o the resort toun o Varadero.
Matanzas is cried the "Ceety o Brigs," o which thare are seiventeen crossin the three rivers that traverse the ceety (Rio Yumuri, San Juan, an Canimar). For this raison it wis referred tae as the "Venice o Cuba." It wis cried "La Atenas de Cuba" ("The Athens o Cuba") for its poets.
History
eeditMatanzas wis foondit in 1693 as San Carlos y San Severino de Matanzas.[1] This follaeed a ryal decree ("real cédula") issued on 25 September 1690 which decreed that the bay an port o Matanzas be settled bi 30 faimilies frae the Canary Islands.[4]
Matanzas wis ane o the regions that saw intensive development o succar plantations durin the colonial era. Consequently, mony African slaves wur importit tae support the succar industry, pairticularly durin the first hauf o the nineteent century. For ensaumple, in 1792 thare wur 1900 slaves in Matanzas, roughly 30% o its population. In 1817, the sclave population o Matanzas haed grown tae 10,773, comprisin nearly 50% o the oweraw population. Bi 1841, 53,331 slaves made up 62.7% o the population o Matanzas.[5] Census figurs for 1859 put the Matanzas sclave population at 104,519.[5] Matanzas wis the steid o several sclave insurrections an plots, includin the infamous Escalera conspiracy (discovered in late 1843). Due tae the heich nummer o baith slaves an, importantly, free Afro-Cubans in Matanzas, the retention o African tradeetions is especially strang thare. In 1898, Matanzas became the location o the first action in the Spaingie-American War. The ceety wis bombardit bi American Navy vessels on 25 Aprile 1898, juist efter the beginnin o the war.
Name oreegin
eeditThe name Matanzas means "massacre" an refers tae a putative slaughter at the port o the same name in which 30 Spaingie sodgers wur crossin ane o the rivers tae attack an aboriginal camp on the far shore. The Spainyie sodgers didna hae ony boats, sae thay enleetit the help o some native fishermen. Housomeivver, ance thay reached the middle o the river, the fishermen flipped the boats, an due tae the Spainyie sodgers' hivy metal airmour, maist o them drouned.[6] Anly twa weemen—ane said tae be the bonnie María de Estrada—survivit, the result o bein "taken" bi a Cacique. De Estrada is said tae hae later escapit the "pouer o the Cacique" an marriet Pedro Sánchez Farfán in the ceety o Trinidad. Frae 1900 tae the 1950s Portuguese descendants muivit tae Cuba acause o the haurd times an thay plantit thairsels in Matanzas tae live big thair faimilies. Acause o this chynge tae Cuba's atmosphere, the toun chyngit an fowk spoke Portuguese an Spaingie, some no aw, but that wis the wey o the toun an tae this day it is still strang.
Geografie
eedit
The ceety is locatit on the north shore o the island o Cuba, on aw three sides o the Bay o Matanzas. The bay cuts deep in the island, an three rivers flow in the bay inside ceety leemits (Rio Yumuri, San Juan, an Canimar). Tae the sooth-east, the landscape rises intae a hill cried Pan de Matanzas, dividit frae the Atlantic coast bi the Yumuri Valley an a coastal rig.
The ceety o Matanzas is dividit intae three neebourheids: Versalles, Matanzas, an Pueblo Nuevo. The municipality is dividit intae the barrios o Bachicha, Bailén, Barracones, Bellamar, Camarioca, Cárcel, Ceiba Mocha, Colón, Corral Nuevo, Guanábana, Ojo de Agua, Refugio, San Luis, San Severino, Simpson y Monserrate, Versalles an Yumurí.[1]
Infrastructur
eedit- Transportation
Matanzas is servit bi Juan Gualberto Gómez Airport, 15 km east o the ceety.
The ceety haes twa railwey stations. The main station is on the main line frae Havana tae Santiago de Cuba. The electrifee'd Hershey train operates bi a different route tae Havana frae a separate station in the barrio o Versalles.
Matanzas is servit bi Viazul an Astro buses an aw.
The Via Blanca heich-gate connects the ceety wi baith Havana in the wast an Varadero in the east.
- Eddication
The Varsity o Matanzas is the province's seicontar eddication institution.
Further readin
eedit- Miguel A. Bretos. Matanzas: The Cuba Nobody Knows (University Press o Florida; 2010) 317 pages; combines scholarly an personal perspectives in a history o Matanzas, a ceety that wis kent as the "Athens of Cuba" during a succar boom o the 19t century.
References
eedit- ↑ a b c Guije.com. "Matanzas". Retrieved 7 October 2007. (in Spaingie)
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedstatoids - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedatenas - ↑ http://www.cubagenweb.org/Matanzas/index.htm
- ↑ a b Bergad, Laird W. Cuban Rural Society in the Nineteenth Century: The Social and Economic History of Monoculture in Matanzas. Princeton University Press, 1990.
- ↑ Matanzas legend (pdf)
Freemit airtins
eedit| Wikimedia Commons haes media relatit tae Matanzas City. |
- Ciudad de Matanzas Archived 2020-01-18 at the Wayback Machine - Sitio con amplia información sobre la Ciudad de Matanzas, desde la fundación de la ciudad hasta la actualidad (in Spaingie)
- es:Matanzas (Cuba)