Euro
The euro (Siller sign: €; baunkin code: EUR) is the offeecial siller o the European Union's Eurozone that at the meenit conseests o 20 states (Austrick, Belgium, Croatia, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, Fraunce, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuanie, Luxembourg, Maltae, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakie, Slovenie, Spain).
It is the ae siller for mair nor 330 million Europeans. Includin airts uisin sillers pegged tae the euro, the euro directly affects close tae 500 million fowk warldwide.[9]
Wi mair nor €610 billion in circulation as o December 2006 (equeevalent tae US$802 billion at the exchynge rates at the time), the euro is the siller wi the hiechest combined vailie o cash in circulation in the warld, haein surpassed the U.S. dollar.[10]
The euro wis introduced tae warld financial mercats as an accoontin siller in 1999 an lenched as pheesical cunyies an baunknotes on 1 Januar 2002. It replaced the umwhile European Currency Unit (ECU) at a ratio o 1:1.
Chairactereestics
eeditCunyies an baunknotes
eedit
The euro is dividit intae 100 cents (whiles cried eurocent, especially whan sinderin it frae the U.S. cent or the umwhile currency in a parteecular kintra). Aw circulatin euro cunyies (includin the €2 commemorative cunyies) haes a common side shawin the denomination (vailie) wi the auld 19 EU-kintras in the backgrund. Frae 2007 or 2008 on (lippenin on the kintra whaur the cunyie is issued) that "auld" cairt is replaced bi a cairt o Europe, that nou shows nane-EU-members sic as Norrowey. The cunyies haes a naitional side shawin an eemage speceefically waled bi the kintra that issued the cunyie. Euro cunyies frae ony kintra can be freely uised in ony naition that haes adoptit the euro.
The euro cunyies are €2, €1, €0.50, €0.20, €0.10, €0.05, €0.02, an €0.01. In the Netherlands cash transactions is roondit tae the nearest five cents, tae avoid the uise o €0.02, an €0.01, an in Finland, the twa smawest denominations isna ony langer struck, tho thay remain legal tender thare. (See Linguistic issues concernin the euro an aw.)
Commemorative cunyies wi €2 face value hae been issued wi chynges tae the design o the naitional side o the cunyie — as Greece did for the 2004 Summer Olympics. Thir twa-euro cunyies is legal tender throughoot the Eurozone. Cunyies wi various ither denominations hae been issued an aw, but thir are no intendit for general circulation. Thir later cunyies are anly legal tender in the naition that issued them.
Aw euro banknotes hae a common design for each denomination on baith sides. Notes are issued in €500, €200, €100, €50, €20, €10, €5. The design for each o them haes a common theme o European airchitecture in various airtistic periods. The front (or recto) o the note features windaes or gateways while the back (or verso) haes brigs. Care haes been taen sae that the airchitectural examples dinna represent ony actual existin monument, sae as no tae induce jealousy an controversy in the choice o whilk monument should be depictit. Some o the hiechest denominations sic as the €500 are no issued in a few kintras, tho thay remain legal tender athort the Eurozone.
Eurozone
eedit
- The euro is the ae siller in:
- Austrick
- Belgium
- Croatia
- Cyprus
- Estonia
- Finland
- Fraunce
- Germany
- Greece
- Ireland
- Italy
- Latvia
- Lithuanie
- Luxembourg
- Maltae
- the Netherlands
- Portugal
- Slovakie
- Slovenie
- Spain
Thir 20 kintras thegether is frequently referrit tae as the Eurozone or the euro airt, or mair informally "euroland" or the "eurogroup". Ootside o the airt covered bi the cairt, the euro is the legal siller o the French owerseas possessions o French Guiana, Réunion, Saint-Pierre et Miquelon, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint-Barthélemy, Saint Martin, Mayotte, an the uninhabited Clipperton Island an the French Southern an Antarctic Lands; the Portuguese autonomous regions o the Azores an Madeira; an the Spainyie Canary Islands.
- Acause o some bilateral greements,[11] the European microstates o Monaco, San Marino, an Vatican Ceity mint thair ain euro cunyies on behalf o the European Central Baunk. Thay is, houaniver, severely limitit in the tot vailie o cunyies thay can issue.
- Andorrae, Montenegro, Kosovo, an Akrotiri an Dhekelia adoptit the foreign euro as thair legal Siller for movement o caipital an payments withoot parteecipation in the ESCB or the richt tae mint cunyies. Andorrae is in the process o enterin a monetary greement seemilar tae that o the microstates abuin.
- Several possessions an umwhile colonies o EU kintras hae sillers pegged tae the euro. Thir are French Polynesie, New Caledon, Wallis and Futuna (the CFP franc); Cape Verde; the Comoros; an fowerteen naitions o Central an Wast Africae (the CFA franc). See Sillers relatit tae the euro.
- Awtho no legal tender in Denmark, the euro is acceptit in some shops athort baith kintras, parteecularly internaitional shopss in lairge ceeties, an shops in Northren Ireland near the laundmairch wi the Republic o Ireland, whaur the euro is the offeecial siller. Seemilarly, the euro is widely acceptit in Swisserland, e'en bi offeecial boards, sic as the Swiss Railweys.[12]
References
eedit- ↑ Offeecial documents an legislation refer tae the euro as "the single siller".
"Council Regulation (EC) No 1103/97 of 17 June 1997 on certain provisions relating to the introduction of the euro". Official Journal L 162, 19 June 1997 P. 0001 – 0003. European Communities. 19 Juin 1997. Retrieved 1 Apryle 2009.
This term is whiles adoptit bi the media (Google hits for the phrase) - ↑ a b "ECB Statistical Data Warehouse, Reports>ECB/Eurosystem policy>Banknotes and coins statistics>1.Euro banknotes>1.1 Quantities". ECB. European Central Bank.
- ↑ Walsh, Alistair (29 Mey 2017). "Italy to stop producing 1- and 2-cent coins". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
- ↑ "In Zimbabwe there are nine currencies, amongst others the euro and the US dollar". uselessk.com. Archived frae the original on 15 Januar 2015. Retrieved 29 Mey 2014.
- ↑ "Currently, the South African rand, Botswana pula, pound sterling, euro, and the United States dollar are all in use". geocurrents.info. Retrieved 29 Mey 2014.
- ↑ Ruwitch, John; Park, Ju-min (2 Juin 2013). "Insight: North Korean economy surrenders to foreign currency invasion". Reuters. Changbai, China/Seoul. Retrieved 11 Januar 2017.
- ↑ The Belaroushie ruble is pegged tae the euro, Roushie ruble an US$ in a siller basket.
- ↑ Cardoso, Paulo. "Interview – Governor of the National Bank of Macedonia – Dimitar Bogov". The American Times United States Emerging Economies Report (USEER Report). Hazlehurst Media SA. Archived frae the original on 20 October 2013. Retrieved 8 September 2013.
- ↑ Nummer is a soom o jaloused populations (as statit in their respective airticles) o: aw Eurozone members; aw uisers o euro that's no pairt o the Eurozone (whither offeecially greed upo or no); aw airts that uisse a siller pegged tae the euro, an anerly the euro. - Please see detailt summation in the airticle Eurozone
- ↑ Atkins, Ralph (27 December 2006). "Euro notes cash in to overtake dollar". Financial Times. Retrieved 4 Mey 2007.
- ↑ "Agreements on monetary relations (Monaco, San Marino, the Vatican and Andorra)". Archived frae the original on 23 December 2008. Retrieved 11 Mey 2007.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived frae the original on 26 Januar 2008. Retrieved 9 Januar 2008.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
Fremmit airtins
eedit- Heiko Otto (ed.). "Euro baunk notes" (in Inglis and German). Retrieved 5 November 2017. (in Inglis) (in German)
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