Wikipedia

Netherlands–Turkey relations

Dutch–Turkis relations refer tae interstate relations atween the Netherlands an Turkey. The diplomatic relations widely encompass an span fower centuries, beginning in 1612. The first Turkis representative in the Netherlands stairtit activities in 1859.

Afore the Dutch haed thair ain consuls in the Levant, thay traded unner the French Capitulations o 1569 until thay sent Cornelius Haga as a Consul tae Istanbul in 1611.[1] The States-General wis responsible for appyntin the consul, but the Levant merchants in these cases wur closely consultiy. The poor payment seestem for the consuls disruptit the potential successes of the relationship atween consul an merchant community. The merchants requested changing to the Venetian fixed salary payment, but the States-General went against their wishes an tried tae find ither means o income.[2] This posed problems for the Dutch consuls, an thare are mony reports o cases where consuls exertit thair authority ower the nations members who did nae want tae pay consulate an embassy dues.[3] Despite internal struggle within the Dutch nation, it had a good relationship with the Ottoman’s and in 1804 Sultan Selim III (1789–1807) appyntit the first resident representative tae Amsterdam.[4]

Turkeye is a veelage of Sluis, a municipality locatit in the wast o Zeelandic Flanders, in the sooth-wastren pairt of the Netherlands. In 1604, Prince Maurits chynged the name o the veelage in Turkeye tae thank the Turkis sailors for thair support tae the Dutch during the battle wi the Spaniards in the Dutch War o Unthirldom.

The history o Turkey an the Netherlands stretches back tae the 17th century, when the first representative o the States-General wis sent tae the Sublime Porte. Relations atween the twa hae continued ever syne, further cementit bi Turkis guest wirkers in the ’60s an ’70s, an today bi strang economic ties.

Poleetical relations

eedit
 
Consulate-General o Netherlands in Istanbul
 
Embassy o Turkey in The Hague

Turkey an the Netherlands are baith members o the Cooncil o Europe, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the World Trade Organization (WTO) an the Union for the Mediterranean. An aw the Netherlands is a European Union member an Turkey is a candidate.

Yunus Affair

eedit

During a state veesit tae the Netherlands In March 2013, Prime Meenister Erdoğan criticized the placement o the Dutch-Turkish foster child Yunus wi lesbian foster parents.[5] Deputy Prime Meenister o the Netherlands Lodewijk Asscher conseedert the involvement o Turkey "totally inappropriate" an called it "presumptuous" when a foreign power expresses an opinion on the policy o Dutch foster care.[6] Erdoğan proponed that the Turkis Meenistry o Faimily Affairs an the Dutch Meenistry o Siccarity an Juistice consult each ither aboot the care o childer o Turkis oreegin, but Prime Meenister Mark Rutte rejectit this proposal. Rutte said that placement o a child in a foster faimily always involves trying tae match the child's backgroond tae that o the foster faimily. Failing that, the interest o the child comes first, an nae distinction is made on the basis o releegion or sexual orientation.[7] Erdoğan intendit tae turn tae the European Coort o Human Richts tae enforce Yunus tae be reunitit wi his biological parents.[8]

Referendum campaign dispute

eedit
Further information: 2017 Dutch–Turkish diplomatic incident

In the wake o the Turkis consteetutional referendum, events featurin Turkis Meenisters wur scheduled tae be held in the Netherlands in Mairch 2017 in order tae promote the proponed amendments tae the Consteetution o Turkey. The Dutch Govrenment unner Mark Rutte prohibitit Turkis Meenisters frae enterin the Netherlands for rallies, statin "We are o the opinion that Dutch public spaces are nae the place for poleetical campaigns o ither countries".[9] Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan sharply condemned the decision, calling the Netherlands a "Nazi remnant".[10] Owersess election campaigning, even in diplomatic missions, is illegal unner Turkis law; yet maist poleetical pairties in Turkey includin the rulin AKP hae floo6it the law.[11][12] On 13 Mairch 2017, Deputy Turkis Prime Meenister Numan Kurtulmuş anoonced the suspension o heich-level diplomatic relations atween the Netherlands an Turkey an barred the Dutch ambassador frae returnin tae Ankara.[13]

Sanctions against Turkey

eedit

Netherlands criticised the 2019 Turkis offencive intae north-eastren Sirie. On 10 October 2019, a lairge majority o Dutch MPs backed the introduction o sanctions against Turkey.[14][15]

Economic relations

eedit

Trade volume atween Turkey an the Netherlands haes increased remarkably ower the years. In 2008, the Netherlands exportit for awmaist 4 billion euros worth o goods tae Turkey. This amoont is doubled compared tae 2000. Turkey exportit in the same year 1.6 billion euros worth o goods tae the Netherlands, with a share o 32 percent for garments.[16]

Turkey is a vera popular holiday destination for Dutch tourists. In 2009, mair nor 1.1 million Dutch tourists veesitit Turkey.[17]

As o February 2011, 1894 Dutch companies hae investiy in Turkey, declared the Foreign Meenister o Turkey Ahmet Davutoglu,[18] makin the Netherlands the kintra wi the biggest investment in projects in Turkey.

Veesits

eedit
Guest Host Place o veesit Date o veesit Reference
Prince Willem-Alexander o the Netherlands
Princess Máxima of the Netherlands 		President Ahmet Necdet Sezer Ankara, Cappadocie, Istanbul and Kayseri May 25–28, 2004 [19]
Prime Meenister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Prime Meenister Jan Peter Balkenende Huis ten Bosch, The Hague June 16, 2004 [20]
Queen Beatrix o the Netherlands
Prince Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands
Princess Máxima of the Netherlands 		President Ahmet Necdet Sezer Ankara, Istanbul and Kayseri February 27-Mairch 2, 2007 [21]
Prime Meenister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Prime Meenister Mark Rutte Huis ten Bosch, The Hague Mairch 21, 2013 [22]

Diplomacy

eedit

References

eedit
  1. ↑ De Groot 1978, pp. 88, 97
  2. ↑ Steensgaard 1967, pp. 31–33
  3. ↑ De Groot 1978, p. 221
  4. ↑ Steensgaard 1967, p. 25
  5. ↑ Erdogan: Homosexuality contrary tae Islam The Jerusalem Post, 26 March 2013
  6. ↑ Bemoeienis Turkije met Yunus ongepast COC 17 March 2013 Archived 2020-08-13 at the Wayback Machine (in Dutch)
  7. ↑ Rutte-en-Erdogan-oneens-over-kwestie-Yunus In: Elsevier 21 March 2013 (in Dutch)
  8. ↑ ‘Turkey to take Yunus case to court’: Dutch media quote Turkish paper In: dutchnews.nl 28 March 2013. Retrieved March 12, 2017.
  9. ↑ Sanchez, Raf. "Sparks between Turkey and Holland as Erdogan calls the Dutch 'Nazi remnants'". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 12 Mairch 2017.
  10. ↑ Gumrukcu, Tuvan; Escritt, Thomas. "Netherlands bars Turkish ministers as rally dispute escalates". Reuters. Archived frae the original on 26 Juin 2020. Retrieved 13 Mairch 2017.
  11. ↑ Gold, Shabtai; Merey, Can; Say, Linda. "Turkish law prohibits campaigning abroad - as row with Europe deepens". Deutsche Presse-Agentur. Archived frae the original on 12 Mairch 2017. Retrieved 13 Mairch 2017.
  12. ↑ "Host of 'political' Turkish rally in Austria scraps event after police see 'no legal grounds' to act". Xinhua. Retrieved 13 Mairch 2017.
  13. ↑ Roberts, Elizabeth (14 Mairch 2017). "Turkey suspends high-level diplomatic relations with Dutch". CNN. Retrieved 14 Mairch 2017.
  14. ↑ "Dutch MPs call for action against Turkey after offensive, ministers condemn attacks". Dutch News. 10 October 2019.
  15. ↑ Ensor, Josie; Allen, Nick (11 October 2019). "Turkey may have _targeted US forces with artillery in Syria, coalition source claims". The Telegraph (in Inglis). ISSN 0307-1235.
  16. ↑ Export naar Turkije licht toegenomen Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine (in Dutch)
  17. ↑ Turkije populairst bij Nederlanders (in Dutch)
  18. ↑ Sayın Bakanımızın Hollanda Dışişleri Bakanı Uri Rosenthal ile Yaptığı Ortak Basın Toplantısı, 2 Şubat 2011, Ankara (in Turkis)
  19. ↑ Prins van Oranje en Prinses Máxima bezoeken Turkije[deid airtin] (in Dutch)
  20. ↑ Minister-president Erdogan van Turkije bezoekt Nederland (in Dutch)
  21. ↑ Programma staatsbezoek aan Turkije, 27 februari - 2 maart 2007[deid airtin] (in Dutch)
  22. ↑ Minister-president Erdoğan van Turkije brengt bezoek aan Nederland Archived 2014-06-04 at the Wayback Machine (in Dutch)

Freemit airtins

eedit
Taen frae "https://sco.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Netherlands–Turkey_relations&oldid=900333"
  NODES
COMMUNITY 1
INTERN 1
Project 1