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Thomas Henry Huxley

1825. 1895. Tomas Henri Haksli (engl. Thomas Henry Huxley; London, 4. maj 1825 — Istborn, 29. jun 1895) je bio engleski biolog (komparativni anatomist), poznat pod nadimku „Darvinov buldog“ zbog svog zastupanja teorije evolucije Čarlsa Darvina.

Tomas Henri Haksli

Haksli oko 1880. godine
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1825. maj 1825.
London LondonUjedinjeno Kraljevstvo
1895. jun 1895.
Istborn IstbornUjedinjeno Kraljevstvo

Hakslijeva čuvena debata iz 1860. sa Samjuelom Vilberforsom je bila ključni trenutak za šire prihvatanje evolucije i njegovu karijeru. Haksli je prethodnog dana planirao da ode iz Oksforda, ali se predomislio nakon susreta sa Robertom Čembersom, piscem Vestiges, i odlučio da učestvuje u debati. Vilberforsa je savetovao Ričard Oven, protiv koga je Haksli takođe vodio debatu oko toga da li su ljudi bliski srodnici majmuna.

Haksli je polako prihvatao neke Darvinove ideje, kao što je gradualizam, i nije imao stav o prirodnoj selekciji, ali je uprkos tome punim srcem podržavao Darvina. Kao jedan od zaslužnih za razvoj naučnog obrazovanja u Britaniji, Haksli se borio protiv ekstremnih verzija religijske tracidije.

Haksli je 1869. skovao izraz „agnostik“ da opiše svoja gledišta na teologiju, a taj izraz je nastavio da se koristio do danas.

Haksli je imao malo zvaničnog obrazovanja i bukvalno je bio samouk. Postao je možda najbolji komparativni anatomista druge polovine 19. veka. Proučavao je beskičmenjake, razjasnivši odnose između grupa koje su ranije bile slabo shvaćene. Kasnije je proučavao kičmenjake, naročito vezu između majmuna i ljudi. Nakon što je uporedio fosil Archaeopteryx-a sa Compsognathus-om, zaključio je da su ptice evoluirale od malih dinosaurusa-mesojeda i ta teorija je i danas široko prihvaćena.

Postoji težnja da se njegov rat u anatomiji zaseni njegovim energičnim i kontroverznim aktivnostima u korist evolucije i njegovim javnim radom u naučnom obrazovanju. Obe stvari su imali značajni uticaj na društvo u Brianiji i u svetu.

Tomas Haksli je bio prvi u celom porodičnom nizu viđenih engleskih naučnika i kulturnih radnika. NJegovi unuci su pisac Oldus Haksli, ser Džulijan Haksli (biolog-evolucionista, prvi generalni direktor Uneska) i ser Endru Haksli (fiziolog i dobitnik Nobelove nagrade).

Literatura

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  • Huxley, Thomas Henry (1855), „On certain zoological arguments commonly adduced in favour of the hypothesis of the progressive development of animal life in time”, Proceedings of the Royal Institution 2 (1854–58) 
  • Huxley, Thomas Henry (1857), „untitled letter on theory of glaciers”, Philosophical Magazine xiv: 241 
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  • Huxley, Thomas Henry (1864), „Further remarks on the human remains from the Neanderthal”, Natural History Review (London) (4): 429–46 
  • Huxley, Thomas Henry (1870), „Lay Sermons, Addresses and Reviews”, Nature (London) 3 (54): 22, Bibcode 1870Natur...3...22G, DOI:10.1038/003022a0 
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  • Huxley, Thomas Henry (1893 – 94), Collected essays. 9 vols. Vol 1: Methods and results; vol 2: Darwiniana; vol 3: Science and education; vol 4: Science and Hebrew tradition; vol 5: Science and Christian tradition; vol 6 :Hume, with helps to the study of Berkeley; vol 7:Man's place in nature; vol 8: Discourses biological and geological; vol 9: Evolution and ethics, and other essays, London: Macmillan 
  • Huxley, Thomas Henry (1893 – 94), Collected essays: vol 2 Darwiniana, London: Macmillan 
  • Huxley, Thomas Henry (1893 – 94), Collected essays: vol 3 Science and education, London: Macmillan 
  • Huxley, Thomas Henry (2007), „Preliminary essay upon the systematic arrangement of the fishes of the Devonian epoch.”, Foster, Michael; Lankester, E. Ray, The scientific memoirs of Thomas Henry Huxley. vol 2, London: Macmillan, 1898–1903, pp. 421–60, ISBN 1-4326-4011-9 
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  • Lester, Joe (1995), E. Ray Lankester:the making of modern British biology (edited, with additions, by Peter J. Bowler), BSHS Monograph #9 
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  • Ayres, Clarence. Huxley. Norton, New York 1932.
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  • Voorhees, Irving Wilson. The teachings of Thomas Henry Huxley. Broadway, New York 1907.

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