Argeadi

Dinastija Argeada (grčki: οἱ Ἀργεάδαι) bila je starogrčka vladarska kuća Makedonije od 700. do 310. pne.. Vladali su, po Strabonovim navodima, drevnim makedonskim klanom također poznatim kao Argeadi. Prema predaji, koju prenose drevni antički historičari, porijeklo im je iz Argosa na jugu današnje Grčke (pa odatle potječe naziv Argeadi).^[1]^[2] Najpoznatiji članovi kuće su bili Filip II Makedonski i Aleksandar III Veliki, pod čijim je vodstvom makedonsko kraljevstvo steklo vlast nad Grčkom, porazilo Ahemenidsko Carstvo te se proširilo do Egipta i Indije. Nakon smrti Aleksandra IV 309. pne. vlast nad Makedonijom je preuzela dinastija Antipatrida.

Porijeklo

Ruta Argeada iz Argosa na Peloponezu prema Makedoniji.

Argeadi su tvrdili da potiču od Temenida iuz Argosa na Peloponezu, a čiji je legendarni predak Temen, bio pra-pra-praunuk Herakla. Iskopavajući palaču u Vergini Manolis Andronikos je u "tholos" prostoriji pronašao natpise koji izražavaju to vjerovanje.^[3] To je kasnije prenio i Herodot u Historiji, kada spominje kako su tri Temenova potomka - Gauanes, Erop i Perdika, pobjegli iz Argosa kod Ilira a onda u Gornju Makedoniju, u grad zvan Lebeja, gdje su služili kralja. Kralj im je potom naložio da napuste teritoriju zbog znamenja da će se nešto veliko dogoditi Perdiki. Mladići su potom otišli u drugi dio Makedonije, kraj Midinog vrta, odnosno planine Bormion. Tamo su se naselili i s vremenom pokorili Makedoniju. Herodot također spominje sudjelovanje Aleksandra I na Olimpijskim igrama 504. ili 500. pne. Drugi sudionici su protestirali tvrdeći da Aleksandar nije Grk. Hellanodikai su, međutim, ispitavši njegovo argeadsko porijeklo, dozvolili sudjelovanje. Aleksandar je osvojio stadion (5.22).

Prema Tukididu u Historiji Peloponeskog rata, Argeadi su bili Temenidi iz Argosa, koji su se s planina spustili u Donju Makedoniju, istjerali Pijerijce iz Pijerija, osvojili Peoniju i uzak dio zemlje duž Vardar koji se proširio do Pele i mora. Također su dobili Migdoniju nakon protjerivanja Edona te Eordeu i Almopiju nakon što su protjerali Eordijce i Almopijce.

Popis kraljeva

Keraun Makedonski 808. pne. - 778. pne.
Koin Makedonski
Tirima
Perdika I 700. pne. -678. pne.
Argej I 678. pne. -640. pne.
Filip I Makedonski 640. pne. -602. pne.
Erop I 602. pne. -576. pne.
Alketa I 576. pne. -547. pne.
Aminta I 547. pne. -498. pne.
Aleksandar I Makedonski 498. pne. -454. pne.
Alketa II 454. pne. - 448. pne.
Perdika II 448. pne. -413. pne.
Arhelaj 413. pne. -399. pne.
Krater Makedonski 399. pne.
Orest Makedonski 399. pne. -396. pne.
Arhelaj II 396. pne. -393. pne.
Aminta II 393. pne.
Pauzanije 393. pne.
Aminta III 393. pne.
Argej II 393. pne. -392. pne.
Aminta III (ponovo) 392. pne. -370. pne.
Aleksandar II Makedonski 370. pne. -368. pne.
Ptolemej I Makedonski 368. pne. -365. pne.
Perdika III 365. pne. -359. pne.
Aminta IV 359. pne. -356. pne.
Filip II Makedonski 359. pne. -336. pne.
Aleksandar Makedonski (Veliki) 336. pne. -323. pne.
- Antipater, regent Makedonije 334. pne. -319. pne.
Filip III Makedonski 323. pne. -317. pne.
Aleksandar IV Makedonski 323. pne. -310. pne.
- Perdika, regent Makedonije 323. pne. -321. pne.
- Antipater, regent Makedonije 321. pne. -319. pne.
- Poliperhon, regent Makedonije 319. pne. -317. pne.
- Kasander, regent Makedonije 317. pne. -306. pne.

Reference

↑ Hammond, N.G.L. A History of Greece to 323 BC. Cambridge University, 1986, p. 516. "In the early 5th century the royal house of Macedon, the Temenidae was recognised as Greek by the Presidents of the Olympic Games. Their verdict was and is decisive. It is certain that the Kings considered themselves to be of Greek descent from Heracles son of Zeus."
↑ Howatson, M.C. The Oxford Companion to Classical Literature. Oxford University Press, 1989, p. 339. "In historical times the royal house traced its descent from the mythical Temenus, king of Argos, who was one of the Heracleidae, and more immediately from Perdiccas I, who left Argos for Illyria, probably in the mid-seventh century BC, and from there captured the Macedonian plain and occupied the fortress of Aegae (Vergina), setting himself up as king of the Macedonians. Thus the kings were of largely Dorian Greek stock (see PHILIP (1)); they presumably spoke a form of Dorian Greek and their cultural tradition had Greek features."
↑ Andronikos, Manolis. Vergina, the Royal Tombs. Ekdotiki Athinon. The palace of Agai page 38. Inscription found in the Tholo of the palace. “Η επιγραφή αυτή είναι: «ΗΡΑΚΛΗΙ ΠΑΤΡΩΙΩΙ», που σημαίνει στον «Πατρώο Ηρακλή», στον Ηρακλή δηλαδή που ήταν γενάρχης της βασιλικής οικογένειας των Μακεδόνων.” {“the inscription is "ΗΡΑΚΛΗΙ ΠΑΤΡΩΙΩΙ" which means "father (more properly ancestor) Hercules" dedicated to Hercules who was the ancestor of the Royal family of the Macedonians”}.

V. također:

Duane A. March, "The Kings of Makedon: 399-369 BC," Historia (Franz Steiner Verlag) vol. 44, No. 3 (1995), 257-282.

Vanjske veze

„Argead Dynasty”. Encyclopædia Britannica. Pristupljeno 13.5. 2008.

[1] Hammond, N.G.L. A History of Greece to 323 BC. Cambridge University, 1986, p. 516. "In the early 5th century the royal house of Macedon, the Temenidae was recognised as Greek by the Presidents of the Olympic Games. Their verdict was and is decisive. It is certain that the Kings considered themselves to be of Greek descent from Heracles son of Zeus."

[2] Howatson, M.C. The Oxford Companion to Classical Literature. Oxford University Press, 1989, p. 339. "In historical times the royal house traced its descent from the mythical Temenus, king of Argos, who was one of the Heracleidae, and more immediately from Perdiccas I, who left Argos for Illyria, probably in the mid-seventh century BC, and from there captured the Macedonian plain and occupied the fortress of Aegae (Vergina), setting himself up as king of the Macedonians. Thus the kings were of largely Dorian Greek stock (see PHILIP (1)); they presumably spoke a form of Dorian Greek and their cultural tradition had Greek features."

[3] Andronikos, Manolis. Vergina, the Royal Tombs. Ekdotiki Athinon. The palace of Agai page 38. Inscription found in the Tholo of the palace. “Η επιγραφή αυτή είναι: «ΗΡΑΚΛΗΙ ΠΑΤΡΩΙΩΙ», που σημαίνει στον «Πατρώο Ηρακλή», στον Ηρακλή δηλαδή που ήταν γενάρχης της βασιλικής οικογένειας των Μακεδόνων.” {“the inscription is "ΗΡΑΚΛΗΙ ΠΑΤΡΩΙΩΙ" which means "father (more properly ancestor) Hercules" dedicated to Hercules who was the ancestor of the Royal family of the Macedonians”}.

[1]

[2]

[3]