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Urarn Ulambiyn

Urarn Ulambiyn niɣ d Ulambiyatn (s tfransist: Jeux olympiques)[1] gan igitn igraɣlann lli zwurnin ɣ wurarn n tunnunt smunn win unbdu d win tgrst, drun gisn wafḍan n imanunn sɣ umaḍal akkʷ ɣ kigan n imcalatn.

Urarn Ulambiyn
événement sportif récurrent
Adusmil ncompétition internationale, compétition multisports, événement sportif récurrent Snfl
Asakud n ussrsl nɣ isllwi1896 Snfl
Sponsor ou mécèneVISA Snfl
Sportsport olympique Snfl
AmussuOlympic Movement Snfl
Hymnehymne olympique Snfl
DeviseDevise olympique Snfl
Lieusite des Jeux olympiques Snfl
Trophée remismédaille olympique Snfl
Précédé parJeux olympiques antiques Snfl
Organisateur ou organisatriceComité international olympique Snfl
ParticipantViet Nam Sports Team Snfl
Asit amaddudhttps://olympics.com/en/ Snfl
Texte régulateurCharte olympique Snfl
Acnyaldrapeau olympique Snfl
Histoirehistory of the Olympic Games, timeline of the Olympic Games Snfl
Identifiant WordLifthttp://data.thenextweb.com/tnw/entity/olympic_games Snfl

Urarn Ulambiyn ttyawmnadn is gan amcala amanun da akkʷ imqqurn ɣ umaḍal s uggar n snat tmaḍt n trabbutin ku yat gisnt ar tssmnid kra n tmazirt ula kra n wakal igan win ixf nns. S unamk izwarn, urarn ad ar ttilin ɣ twala n tbrzatin akkʷ n umaḍal lli rad zrint ɣ usggʷas ann ɣ rad ilin (macc, kraygat asmil ar dars ittili yan usmad).[2] Urarn ulambiyn ar ttilin ɣ kra iga tt kkuẓ isggʷasn. Sɣ 1994, ar ttmyittin wurarn ad gr tnbdut d tgrst kra iga tt sin isggʷasn ɣ yan usarag n kkuẓ isggʷasn.[3][4]

Tawngimt nnsn tettyasay d sɣ wurarn ulambiyn iqburn da tt inn kkanin ar zrayn ɣ Ulambya, ɣ tmazirt n Iyunan sɣ tasut tis 8 izwurn talalit ar tasut tis 4 da tt iḍfṛn. Abaṛun Pierre de Coubertin iskr Tamsmunt Tamaḍlant Tulambiyt (IOC) ɣ usggʷas 1896 ɣaylli isrgn ɣ wurarn imzwura n Atina ɣ 1896. IOC tga afrdis da islimurn ɣ Umussu ulambiy da akkʷ icckcamn timsmunin d middn da drrunin ɣ wurarn ulambiyn. Igamman ulambiyn ar gllin manmk a rad zrayn d manik a rad tg tnaya nnsn.

Azzigiz n umussu ulambiy ɣ tasut tis 20 d tis 21 yiwi d kigan n ussnfl i Urarn ulambiyn. Kra sɣ tnfalin ad iga tnt unẓam n wurarn ulambiyn n tgrst win tunnunin n utfl d uɣris, Urarn n inbḍuln win imanunn dar tlla kra n tɣawsa iẓlin (inbḍal), Urarn ulambiyn n wactal i imanunn mẓẓiynin gr 14 d 18 n usggʷas ɣ ultay, smmus wurarn imnẓawn (Tamirikt, Tafriqt, Asya, Urubba, d ugaru irggign), d wurarn imaḍlann da ur kcmnin ɣ Urarn ulambiyn. IOC tusi ula Diflambik d twlambiyn ẓlinin.

Imnɣitn imaḍlann amzwaru d wis sin sɣin assiki n wurarn n 1916, 1940, d 1944; yan wabbay iflin n wurarn ɣ wussan n imnɣi uṣmiḍ yiwi d yan udraw ikrin n tmizar ɣ 1980 d 1984;[5] d wurarn n 2020 lli nmaṭlnin ar 2021 s umntil n waṭṭan n COVID-19.

Amussu Ulambiy llant gis tmsmunin timaḍlanin n tunnunt (IFs) ilin Igrawn inamurn ulambiyn (NOCs) ilin daɣ igrawn n usnmala n wurarn ulambiyn nna llanin. IOC iga tamsmunt iskarn aɣtas, yili tanbaḍt ad isti man tiɣrmt ɣ rad ilin wurarn, ar daɣ isnmala mani s rad fttun iqaṛiḍn ddaw mad ttinin igamman ulambiyn. IOC ar istay ula aɣawas nnsn d man tunnunin a rad gisn ttyawhḍaṛnt. Llant imil ɣ wurarn ad mnnawt tmyurin d tẓṛiwin, zun d aknyal ulambiy d usafu ulambiy d tfugliwin n uṛẓẓum d urggal. Uggar n 14,000 n imazzaln ad imcalan ɣ wurarn n unbdu n 2020 d win Tgrst 2022 s sin, izri mayann ɣ kkuẓt tmrawin n wanawn n tunnunin d 448 n igitn. Wad izwarn d wis sin d wis kraḍ ɣ kra iga tt amcala ttṣaḥant asn tanallatin tiwlambiyn: tin wurɣ d tin uẓṛf d tin wanas.

Amslaɣ n wurarn ulambiyn win Lunḍun n usggʷas 1908

Urarn ad ar ttimɣurn aylliɣ ur sul iɣama yan uwank war agnsas. Tamɣuri ad tiwi d kigan n tmukrisin d imsarasn, zun d abbay d utci n insmussa d tmctcut d lirhab. Kra iga tt sin isggʷasn, Urarn ad d umidya ar akkan i imanunn tamlda ad awin yat tsillit ɣ uswir anamur d umaḍlan. Urarn ar daɣ akkan yat tnyaft i tɣrmiwin d tmizar nna snubganin urar ad ad mlnt ixfawn nnsnt i umaḍal.

Amzruy

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Urarn ulambiyn iqburn (s tgrikit taqburt: τὰ Ὀλύμπια,ta Olympia) kkan tt inn yadlli gan inmuggarn n usgd d tunnunt da ttilinin ɣ kra iga tt kkuẓ isggʷasn ɣ udbni n Zus ɣ Ulimbiya ɣ tmazirt n Iyunan. Asakud n unmuggar ittyawstay s yat taṭumt imuttln lliɣ rad d yack wammas n unmuggar ɣ tis snat n tmayyurt ḍffṛ ulkkud n yizɣ d ittackan ɣ ma igan tamyurt ɣ tgira n wayyur n Ɣuct niɣ d ɣ tzwiri n Cutambir.[6]

Ibrraḥn ar nn ttyazann sɣ dar tɣrmt n Ilis ad ifsn i mddn ma iga wakud n urarn ad.[7] Ɣ tzwiri nns, amcala ad ikka tt inn iẓli i tarwa n idrfiyn n ayt iyunan hlli.[8] Maccan, lliɣ tkka Mqdunya f Iyunan fad s Irumaniyn, mraw n imḍkuḍn ulambiyn ssulwan sul adasil izwurn, fkn tamlda n udraw i wanna ka isawaln tagrikit.[9] Mraw n wafḍan n Igrikn ar kkatn tammara n umuddu afad ad ḥaḍṛn ɣ unmuggar.[10]

 
Urarn ulambiyn n zikk

Urarn ad kkan tt inn uman ɣ is izwarn ɣaylli izdin d tizzla ula ɣaylli n tamaɣt zun d azzaɣ d ubankrasu.

Laṣl n urarn ulambiyn ingḍ ɣ ugns n umiyn d tnfusin,[11] yan sɣ umiyn da bahra ttyawssanin ar ittini is d Iraql d babas Zus ad izwarn s Urarn ad ɣ middu n umiy Iraql lliɣ ismd snat d mrawt twuriwin ibna abaraz ulambiy s waddur n Zus,[12] ifta yan 200 mitru ɣ yan uḍṛf yuɣdn, isml as ilmma "stadyun" igan sul yan ufrdis n usɣal.[13]

Tafugla

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Tafugla n uṛẓẓum

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Ɣmklli muzrn igamman Ulambiyn, llant tɣawsiwin myanawnin da gllinin manmk rad tzray tfugla n uṛẓẓum. Tafugla ad ar tzray ɣ wass n usimwas (Ljamɛ) ur ta ssntint trmitin timanunin (aysilad kra n imiṭcan n twjja n uḍar n ulkkud n tgrummawin d imiṭcan n twjja ilggʷaɣn).[14][15] Taggat n tmyurin n tfugla n uṛẓẓum ttyawstaynt ɣ wurarn n unbdu n 1920 ɣ Bljiga.[16] Tafugla da tssntay ɣiklli iggutn s ukccum n umɣar n ugraw amaḍlan ulambiy, imun dis yan umazan n tmazirt isnubgan urarn, d wallal n uknyal n tmazirt ad d irir n tiyyt nns tanamurt.[14][15] Iḍfṛ tt ad tssmnid tmazirt isnubgan yan usfsr n tẓuṛi n uẓawan d irir d uṣkaṣṣay d umzgun da immaln tadlsa n tmazirt ann.[16] Kra s ar zraynt tssutlin kra s ar rnnunt atig d ulwa d tmuttlt ukan kra iga tt amsnbgi ar ittmmaɣ ad ifk yat tfugla ur ittettun f tilli zrinin. tamɣra n uṛẓẓum n wurarn n Bikin ittyawnna is tḍṛ s yat tmiḍi n mlyun n idularn, amaka nns ikka tasga n ma izdin d tẓuṛi.[17]

 
Yan ugzzum ɣ tfugla n uṛẓẓum n wurarn n Bariz 2024 (tifrni n Mirikan)

Kud nna rad imdu ugzzum n tẓuṛi, ar d kccmn imazzaln ɣ yan uẓbẓḍṛ, gdudn akkʷ s tmizar nnsn. Ɣ mad igan anmyur, tamazirt n Iyunan ad zwar ikccmn, d nttat ad iẓimẓn tarffakt afad ad ssimɣurn addur n iẓuran n wurarn ulambiyn. Ɣ tɣrdin nnsn, ar d ilmma kccmnt tmizar yaḍnin s unmala n id llif n tutlayt da tsti tmazirt ɣ llan wurarn mi ur kccmn imazzaln nns ar tigira.[14][15]

 
Aẓbẓḍṛ n tfrni n Butan (2008)

Tafugla n urggal

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Tafugla n urggal n ulambyatn ar tettili ɣ wass n usimwas mk ann mdan igitn imanunn akkʷ. Imasayn n iknyaln n kraygat tamazirt idran ɣ wurarn ar d kccmn s ubaraz, ḍfṛn tn imazzaln d kccmnin kullu ɣ yat tgrgurt, bla kra n ungiri s tmazirt nnsn.[18] Ukan, kraḍ iknyaln inamurn ad ittyalln s uflla asru ɣ ar ttyirirn tiyta nnsnt tinamurin, yan s yan: Aknyal n tmazirt ɣ llan wurarn d uknyal n tmazirt n Iyunan, afad ad ssimɣurn ansa n tlalit n wurarn ad d uknyal n tmazirt ɣ rad sul ilin wurarn n unbdu d win tgrst da d uckanin.[18] Amagr n tgrawt isnmalan d umɣar n tgrawt tagraɣlant n ulambyatn ar akkan awal nnsn n urggal, urarn ar ilmma rggln s unamk unṣib, ixsi usafu nnsn.

Timitar

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Amussu n Ulimpik ar isxdam izikiln bac ad immtal tiɣradin lli illan ɣ Uluḥ n Ulimpik. Azikil n Ulimpik, lli ittwassnn s izikiln n Ulimpik, iga t id smmus n tḥuna imun d ar immtal tamunt n smmus n iqarrayn ittuzḍarn (Tafriqt, Timarikanin (ar ttwaḥsabnt d yan uqarru), Asya, Uruppa, d Usyanya). Tanila n tḥuna s ilunan - azgzaw, awraɣ, asggan, azegzaw, d uzggʷaɣ - ɣ uflla n unnar umlil ar tga takbbut n Ulimpik. Ilunan ad twafrnn acku kraygat tamazirt tṭṭaf yan zɣ-sn ɣ tkbbut nns tanamurt. Takbbut ad twastit ɣ 1914 walaynni ur d tffiɣ abla ɣ Ulimpik n Unebdu n 1920 ɣ Anvers, Beljika. Zɣ ɣikan ar ttali ɣ kraygat tafaskt n Urarn.[19][20]

Taguri n Ulimpik, *Citius, Altius, Fortius*, awal s tlatinit lli itmmal "Fssus-n, Yattuyn, Ijhdn" twastit s Pierre de Coubertin ɣ 1894 tili d tanbaḍt zɣ 1924. Taguri ad yiwi tt id umddakkʷl n Coubertin, aqcic n tgmmi n rbbi Henri Didon OP, i yan umnaggar n imẓyann n Paris ɣ 1891.

Tunnunin

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Aɣawas n wurarn ulambiyn llan gis 35 n wanaw n tunnunt, 30 n ifatliwn d 408 n igitn. S umdya, tamaẓla tga yat tunnunt tiwlambiyt n unbdu, teṭṭaf sin ifatliwn: Agriku-Aṛumani d ufristayl. Tbḍa sul s 14 n igitn dar irgazn d 4 dar tmɣarin, kraygat yat ar tskan yan usmil n taẓayt.[21] Aɣawas n unbdu iṭṭaf 26 n tunnunin, imma win tgrst ila 15.[22] Tizzla d ucucf d imiɣ s igsturn d tẓuṛi n inlbi ɣwid ur jju ssikin kra n uɣawas.

Accaḍ ɣ gr tmazirt d waccaḍ f uɣris d uhuki f uɣris d tukya n sski d sski s tiymmar llan ɣ kraygat aɣawas iwlambiy n tgrst sɣ wafas nns ɣ 1924. Tunnunin tulamiyn tiliwnin, zun d badminton, twjja n taryalt, d twjja ittaylaln, ẓran tifawt ɣ uɣawas gan tunnunin n uskan, ttyugant sul d tunnunin ussqnin n ulambyatn. Kra n tunnunin da tt inn kkanin ɣ wurarn mnck ayad ttyawflant sul. [23]

Tisuɣal

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  1. ↑ "Jeux Olympiques – Sports, Athlètes, Médailles, Rio 2016". International Olympic Committee. 22 October 2018.
  2. ↑ "Overview of Olympic Games". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 4 June 2008.
  3. ↑ The Associated Press (14 October 1986). "Olympics to Hold Events Every 2 Years : Winter Games to Be Split Off, Start Own 4-Year Cycle in '94". L.A. Times Archives. Los Angeles Times.
  4. ↑ Alan Riding (12 February 1993). "OLYMPICS: One Year to Lillehammer; '94 Olympics Are on Schedule Now That Budget Games Are Over". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 12 February 2024.
  5. ↑ "No Boycott Blues". olympic.org. Retrieved 6 January 2017.
  6. ↑ M.I. Finley and H.W. Pleket, The Olympic Games: The First Thousand Years (1976) at 26; see also Tony Perrottet, The Naked Olympics (2004) at 38. This was after the harvest but before the olive picking began. Id.
  7. ↑ Finley d Pleket ɣ 26, d Perrottet ɣ 38.
  8. ↑ Perrottet ɣ 49.
  9. ↑ Perrottet ɣ 50.
  10. ↑ Finley d Pleket ɣ 55. Kra n isuɣal da ttinin mas kra n 40,000 ad ittḥaḍaṛn. "Olympic Games" in The Classical Tradition (2010) at 654.
  11. ↑ Young 2004, p. 12.
  12. ↑ Pausanias, "Elis 1", VII, p. 9; Pindar, "Olympian 10", pp. 24–77
  13. ↑ "Olympic Games". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 29 April 2009.
  14. ↑ 14,0 14,1 et 14,2 "Fact sheet: Opening Ceremony of the Summer Olympic Games" (PDF). International Olympic Committee. February 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 April 2011. Retrieved 14 August 2008.
  15. ↑ 15,0 15,1 et 15,2 "Fact sheet: Opening Ceremony of the Winter Olympic Games" (PDF). International Olympic Committee. February 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 March 2009. Retrieved 14 August 2008.
  16. ↑ 16,0 et 16,1 "The development of the Games – Between festival and tradition" (PDF). The Modern Olympic Games (PDF). International Olympic Committee. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 March 2009. Retrieved 29 August 2008.
  17. ↑ "Beijing Dazzles: Chinese History, on Parade as Olympics Begin". Canadian Broadcasting Centre. 8 August 2008. Archived from the original on 6 September 2008. Retrieved 9 September 2008.
  18. ↑ 18,0 et 18,1 "Closing Ceremony Factsheet" (PDF). The International Olympic Committee. 5 June 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2011. Retrieved 12 August 2012.
  19. ↑ "The Olympic Symbols" (PDF). International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 March 2009. Retrieved 4 February 2009.
  20. ↑ Lennartz, Karl (2002). "The Story of the Rings" (PDF). Journal of Olympic History. 10: 29–61. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
  21. ↑ "Wrestling". The Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad. Archived from the original on 26 February 2009. Retrieved 25 March 2009.
  22. ↑ "Sports". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 8 February 2009.
  23. ↑ "Olympic Sports of the Past". olympic.org. Archived from the original on 18 December 2008. Retrieved 10 February 2009.
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