Wikipedia

Antisemitism

hostility, prejudice, or discrimination against Jews

Antisemitism is the hatred of, or prejudice against, Jewish people.[1][2] A synonym is Judeophobia,[3] preferred by those see antisemitism as too ambiguous.[3]

Origin

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As per American historian Deborah Lipstadt, antisemitism (German: antisemitismus) was coined by German nationalist Wilhelm Marr in 1881 to describe the anti-Jewish sentiment in German society. The term refers to Jews who practice Judaism, Jews who have converted to Christianity as well as those of Jewish ancestry.[4] The term is occasionally spelled as anti-Semitism, but such spelling is controversial, because some historians believe that there is no such thing as "Semitism"[4] while the concept "Semitic race" stemmed from the scientific racism promoted by those biased against Jews in the 20th century.[4]

Before 21st century

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Main articles: Pogrom and The Protocols of the Elders of Zion
Further information: Arthur Griffith and Dreyfus Affair

Antisemitism has a long history.[3] The worst instance of antisemitism in history is the Holocaust.[5]

The Holocaust

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See the main article: The Holocaust
Further information: Ghettos in Europe during the Holocaust and Independent State of Croatia

The Holocaust was a genocide committed by Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945 during World War II. It was known as the Final Solution. The Nazis' plan was to rid Europe of Jews. They succeeded in killing up to 67% of Jews – at least 6,000,000.[5] The planning of the Holocaust was rooted in antisemitism.[5][6]

21st century

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Middle East

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Antisemitism[1][3] is extremely common in the Middle East.[2] In 2011, the Pew Research Center polled a significant number of Middle Eastern countries' citizens, where Muslims are the majority. Most of the interviewees were hostile to Jews. Only 2% of Egyptians, 3% of Lebanese Muslims and 2% of Jordanians reported feeling good about Jews.[7] Some scholars believe that mass media have played a significant role in such phenomenon.[8][9]

Europe

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Overall

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In a 2013 survey of 5,847 Jews in Europe, 76% thought that antisemitism had increased in the previous five years, while 29% had thought about moving countries as they felt unsafe.[10] In a 2023 survey done by the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) in Europe, it was found that as many as one-third of Western Europeans believed in stereotypes of Jews, which was worse in some eastern European countries, particularly Hungary (37%), Poland (35%) and Russia (26%).[11]

Eastern Europe

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The flag of the pro-Nazi Armenian-Aryan Racialist Movement (AARM).
 
The logo of the Marxist-Leninist militant[12] front Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA).
Further information: Racism in Poland § 21st century, and Happy Merchant

In Eastern Europe, the level of antisemitism is found to be high.[13]

For instance, in Armenia,[14][15] a Caucassian country allied with Russia,[16] China[17] and Iran,[18] 58% of her population are found to be hostile to Jews – the highest in Eastern Europe.[19] Garegin Nzhdeh (1886–1955), an Armenian nationalist who recruited thousands of Armenians to fight for Nazi Germany, is still popular within Armenia. Hundreds of statues have been erected in honor of him across Armenia.[20][21] Meanwhile, the only synagogue in Armenia's capital Yerevan was attacked four times in a row between 7 October 2023 and 11 June 2024.[22] Members of the Marxist-Leninist militant[12] front Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia[23] (ASALA) claimed responsibility for the attacks, some of which involved the synagogue being set on fire.[24]

United States

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2010s

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A 2017 survey showed that 14% of Americans were hostile to Jews.[25] Since the October 7 massacre, antisemitism has surged in America and Europe, especially on college campuses. Such antisemitism has caused thousands of Jewish students to get attacked over their identity. There is also widespread antisemitism in social media.[source?]

2020s

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In August 2024, the advocacy group Combat Antisemitism Movement (CAM) did a poll which found that around 3,500,000 American Jews had faced antisemitism since the October 7 massacre in 2023. 1,075 American Jews were asked, 28% of whom said that they, often, were told that "Jews care too much about money", 25% were told that "Jews control the world" and 13% were told that "the Holocaust did not happen" or its "severity has been exaggerated".[26][27] Meanwhile, the FBI released crime statistics illustrating that antisemitic incidents constituted 68% of all religion-based hate crimes in 2023 – a 63% rise compared to 2022.[28]

Select list of antisemitic incidents in the U.S.

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  Fatal incidents
Date Reported type Dead Injured Location Details
7 October 2024 Assault 0 1 New York City, New York Todd Richman, the Jewish co-chair of the left-leaning Democratic Majority for Israel,[29] was left bloodied after being assaulted by individuals hurling insults with antisemitic tropes.[30][31][32]
5 October 2024 Assault 0 1 Queens, New York A 19-year-old Jewish man was reportedly punched in the face outside a Queens synagogue. The victim in traditional Hasidic clothing was standing outside of Congregation B'Nei Abraham-EF in Kew Gardens Hills when the assailant appeared.[33][34][35]
27 September 2024 Assault 0 1 Oakland, Pittsburgh A Jewish student at the University of Pittsburgh, who wore a Star of David necklace, was assaulted by a group, who used antisemitic language. According to Pittsburgh police, the victim was walking alone around 2 a.m. when he came across 8 men. When the 8 men saw his necklace, they hurled insults about Israel, then punched and kicked him.[36][37][38]
18 September 2024 Contempt of Congress 0 0 Washington, D.C. In a Senate Judiciary Committee hearing on hate crimes, a man interrupted by shouting "F*** Israelis [...] I don't care about the f***ing Jews". The man continued to scream at the attendees until he was led away by security guards.[39][40][41]
15 September 2024 Assault 0 1 Ann Arbor, Michigan A 19-year old Jewish student was assaulted by a group of unknown men, who asked him whether he was Jewish, after he answered "yes". The University of Michigan condemned the assault.[42][43][44]
31 August 2024 Assault 0 2 Oakland, Pittsburgh A man wearing a keffiyeh and wielding a bottle wounded two Jewish students at the University of Pittsburgh, who were treated at the scene. The suspect was arrested immediately. The Hillel International said that the students attacked had been part of a group moving between two Jewish events.[45][46][47]
9 August 2024 Vandalism 0 0 Cambridge, Massachusetts At Harvard University, several mezuzahs put up by Jewish students in their dorms were vandalized or missing.[48][49][50]
10 July 2024 Assault 0 1 Foggy Bottom, Washington, D.C. A Jewish man wearing a kippah was punched into the bush outside the Foggy Bottom metro station within the George Washington University. The suspect went on a tirade of conspiracy theories about Jews upon arrest.[51][52][53]
24 June 2024 Picketing 0 1 Los Angeles, California A reportedly anti-Israel rally taking place outside a synagogue turned into a street conflict when the worshippers tried to stop the commotion. A Jewish woman was injured.[54][55] President Joe Biden and his administration condemned the incident as anti-Semitic.[54][56][57]
11 June 2024 Assault 0 2 Los Angeles, California A Chabad Rabbi was assaulted on the UCLA campus, suffering a bleeding face wound. The suspects called him a "fake Jew", "Zionist pedophile rabbi" and told him to "go back to Poland and Ukraine". A journalist also reported equipment damage and burns from hot spaghetti sauce poured over him.[58][59][60]
April 2024 Threats 0 0 New York City, New York A Columbia University student said in a video that "Zionists don't deserve to live comfortably, let alone Zionists don't deserve to live [...] Be grateful that I'm not just going out and murdering Zionists". He was suspended by the university.[61][62]
January 2024 Assault 0 1 Washington D.C A Lyft driver assaulted a Rabbi after refusing to continue the drive by punching them in the face. A video of the assault was recorded by a witness.[63][64][65]
November 2023 Vandalism 0 0 Baltimore, Maryland Several incidents of vandalism across campuses occurred in the country. For instance, a chalk graffiti stating "Holocaust 2.0" was found at the University of Maryland's campus in College Park.[66][67][68]
5 November 2023 Involuntary manslaughter 1 0 Thousand Oaks, California Jewish man Paul Kessler was a victim of suspected involuntary manslaughter. The suspect, a former Moorpark College professor, hit Kessler's head with a megaphone over disagreement at a rally. Kessler fell with another hit and died of intracerebral hemorrhage.[69] The suspect has pleaded not guilty.[70] Los Angeles Mayor Karen Bass issued a condemnation,[71] while the Jewish Federation of Greater Los Angeles called it an "antisemitic crime".[72]
October 2023 Threats 0 0 Cornell University, Ithaca, New York Cornell University student Patrick Dai threatened to shoot all Jewish schoolmates, burn synagogues and behead Jewish babies on an online forum.[73] He was sentenced to 21 months in prison for the action in August 2024.[74]
June 6, 2023 Vandalism 0 0 Manchester Township, New Jersey On June 6, Ron Carr from Manchester spray-painted swastikas and other graffiti on fourteen homes before setting fire to another one. When asked why he did the act, Carr said it was to keep Jews out. In June 2024, Carr pleded guilty to arson, bias intimidation and two counts of criminal mischief.[75] In August, Carr was sentenced to seven years in state prison.[76][77]
February 22–23, 2023 Shooting 0 2 Los Angeles, California On February 22 and 23, 29-year-old Jamie Tran shot two Jewish men as they were leaving synagogues in Pico-Robertson. Both men survived. In May 2024, Tran pleaded guilty to two federal hate crimes and weapons charges.[78][79] On 30 September 2024, Tran was sentenced to 35 years in jail.[80][81]
April 20, 2022 Assault 0 1 Manhattan, New York Attack on Matt Greenman: Matt Greenman, a Jewish man, was assaulted in an antisemitic hate crime in New York City while watching a rally organized by the pro-Hamas front Within Our Lifetime. Saadah Masoud, one of the group's founders, pled guilty to the assault and was sentenced to 18 months in prison in March 2023.[82][83][84]
January 15, 2022 Hostage taking 1 0 Colleyville, Texas Colleyville synagogue hostage crisis: Four people were taken hostage by a British Pakistani at a synagogue. After a standoff with police, the attacker was killed and all hostages escaped unharmed.[85][86][87]
October 31, 2021 Arson 0 0 Austin, Texas Austin synagogue arson: 18-year old Franklin Barrett Sechriest set fire to the main doors of the sanctuary of the Congregation Beth Israel, causing more than $250,000 in damage. Sechriest admitted he conducted the attack due to his hatred of Jews and had written, "I set a synagogue on fire," in his personal journal.[88][89][90]
October 13, 2021 Arson 0 0 Flatbush, Brooklyn, New York A woman yelling antisemitic obscenities poured gasoline in front of a yeshiva in Flatbush and set it on fire.[91] Weeks earlier, a woman was seen in the area carrying a gas canister and yelling antisemitic slurs.[91] Police are investigating a possible connection.[91][92][93]
September 9, 2021 Verbal and physical assault 0 1 Crown Heights, Brooklyn, New York A 37-year-old man spat on a Jewish man and verbally abused them with antisemitic remarks; he was charged with a hate crime.[94][95]
July 1, 2021 Stabbing 0 1 Brighton, Boston, Massachusetts Rabbi Shlomo Noginski was stabbed eight times by an attacker outside of the Shaloh House Jewish Day School; the school, which was holding a summer camp, was put into lockdown.[96][97][98] The attacker had a knife and a gun in his possession at the time of arrest.[96][98] The attacker, who had a history of making anti-Semitic statements and had been the subject of a restraining order by a Jewish former-roommate, was charged with hate crimes and civil rights violations.[99][100][101]
June 15, 2021 Physical assault, verbal assault 0 1 Fairfax, Los Angeles, California A man punched a 12-year-old Jewish boy in the face; another man threatened to kill the child's family.[102][103]
May 27, 2021 Vandalism 0 0 St. Petersburg, Florida The phrase "Jews are guilty" and a swastika were spray-painted on the Holocaust Museum in downtown St. Petersburg.[104][105][106]
May 24, 2021 Physical assault 0 1 Brooklyn, New York A 67-year-old man was punched in the face as he tried to enter a synagogue. A 20-year-old man was arrested for assault, assault as a hate crime, and aggravated harassment.[107]
May 22, 2021 Gang attack 0 2 Brooklyn, New York Three men, aged 19–20, tried to break into a synagogue, yelling "Free Palestine! Kill all the Jews!" Unable to enter the locked building, they left, and shortly afterward assaulted two Jewish teens, choking one, punching the other in the head, and chasing both for several blocks with cricket bats.[108][109][110] The three attackers were charged with multiple hate crimes.[109][111][110]
May 21, 2021 Vandalism, verbal assault 0 0 Hallandale Beach, Florida A man yelled antisemitic threats at a rabbi in front of a synagogue, then returned and dumped a bag of human feces in front of the building.[112][113]
May 20, 2021 Gang attack 0 1 Diamond, Manhattan, New York A caravan of cars and trucks with Palestinian flags went to the Diamond District, where many Jewish-owned businesses are located, and shot off commercial fireworks at people while yelling "F--- you, Zionists", "F--- you, pigs", and other threatening and sexually explicit comments about Jews.[114][115][116] One woman was hospitalized with burns.[114][117][118] Daniel Shaukat, Haider Anjam, and Ashan Azad, then 20, 20, and 19 years old respectively, pled guilty in September 2022 to committing hate crimes and were sentenced to between 3 and 5 years of probation.[119]
May 20, 2021 Gang attack 0 1 Times Square, Manhattan, New York Attack on Joseph Borgen: During the 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis, five men attacked Joseph Borgen, a Jewish man, when he passed through the Times Square. Borgen was punched, kicked, bludgeoned with flag poles and a crutch. He was maced and peppered spray and suffered a concussion ensued by hospitalization.[120][121] The attackers also yelled antisemitic slurs.[122][121] Five activists were arrested, found guilty for the attack and received sentences of up to 7 years in prison.[123][124][125]
May 19, 2021 Arson/physical attack 1 Borough Park, Brooklyn, New York A Brooklyn man attempted to set fire to a building that housed a synagogue and a yeshiva.[126][127] Later that day, the perpetrator punched a Jewish man in the head several times.[126]
May 18, 2021 Physical and verbal assault 0 0 Bal Harbour, Florida A visibly Jewish family walking down the street was verbally assaulted by a group of four men who threw garbage at them, threatened to rape the mother of the family, and yelled other violent antisemitic threats and insults at them.[128][129][130][118][131]
May 18, 2021 Physical assault/gang attack 0 0 Fairfax, Los Angeles, California A visibly Jewish man was walking to his synagogue when two cars with Palestinian flags, allegedly yelling "Allahu Akbar," chased him down, apparently trying to run him over as he sprinted toward shelter.[132] The episode was captured by CCTV.[132]
May 18, 2021 Gang attack 0 5 Los Angeles, California A group of men waving a Palestinian flag got out of a car near a sushi restaurant, yelled antisemitic obscenities, including the phrase "dirty Jew," at the patrons (not all Jewish), and then attacked diners with pepper spray, barrier poles and glass bottles.[133][134][135][136] In June 2023, Samer Jayylusi, 37, and Xavier Pabon, 32, pled no contest to two counts of felony assault and admitted a hate crime on both counts. They were sentenced to two years of probation, 80 hours of bias counseling, and an 8 hour visit to the Museum of Tolerance.[137]
April–May 2021 Public school assignment 0 0 Tenafly, New Jersey In early April 2021,[138] a fifth-grade teacher at Maugham Elementary School instructed a 5th grade student to dress up as Adolf Hitler and to write a first-person essay from the perspective of the Nazi leader touting his "accomplishments" as a part of a class assignment.[139][140] After initially defending the teacher and the school's actions,[141][142][143] the board of Tenafly Public Schools suspended the teacher and the principal of the school with pay and opened an investigation into the incident.[144][145]
December 7, 2020 Vandalism 0 0 Boise, Idaho Sometime between the evening of December 7 and the morning of December 8, 2020, nine stickers bearing the Nazi swastika and the words "We Are Everywhere" were plastered over the Anne Frank Human Rights Memorial in Boise, Idaho. [146][147][148]
October 26, 2020 Vandalism 0 0 Ithaca, New York The Sunny Days storefront was painted with Celtic crosses, and posters with antisemitic language were taped to the door.[149][150]
August 25, 2020 Arson 0 0 Newark, Delaware Late on August 25, 2020, 45 firefighters responded to a fire at the Chabad center of the University of Delaware. It was later determined to be arson.[151][152]
May 30, 2020 Civil unrest 0 unknown Los Angeles, California Beginning Saturday night May 30, 2020, individuals looted, vandalized synagogues and Jewish stores in Fairfax, Los Angeles in local protests. A synagogue was spray-painted with "F*ck Israel" and "Free Palestine".[153][154][155] A statue of Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg, who saved thousands of Jews in German-occupied Hungary from the Holocaust, was defaced with antisemitic slogans.[156]
December 29, 2019 Stabbing 1 4 Monsey, New York On Saturday night, December 28, 2019, the seventh night of the Jewish holiday of Hanukkah, Grafton E. Thomas, masked and wielding a large knife or machete, invaded the home of a Hasidic rabbi in Monsey, Rockland County, New York, where a Hanukkah party was underway, and began stabbing the guests. Five people were wounded, two of whom were hospitalized in critical condition.[157][158][159] 72-year-old-man Josef Neuman, who was in a coma for 59 days, succumbed to his wounds in March 2020.[160] Rottenberg's son was also among the injured.[161] Guests struck back, hitting the attacker with chairs and a small table.[157]
December 14, 2019 Vandalism 0 0 Los Angeles, California On Saturday, December 14, 2019, Anton Redding broke into Nessah Synagogue in Beverly Hills, burglarized it and damaged religious books and associated articles. He attempted to escape by fleeing to Hawaii, where he was caught by police.[162][163] On November 27, 2020, Redding was ordered to pay $166,000 in restitution and serve 220 days in county jail. As part of the plea deal, prosecutors dropped hate crimes charges.[164]
December 10, 2019 Shooting 7 3 Jersey City, New Jersey On December 10, 2019, David Nathaniel Anderson (age 47) and his girlfriend Francine Graham (age 50),[165] perpetrated a shooting at a kosher grocery store located in the Greenville section of Jersey City, New Jersey, in the United States. Five people were killed at the store, including the two assailants and three civilians whom they attacked. Additionally, the assailants wounded one civilian and two police officers.[166][167][168] Anderson had made posts on social media that were anti-police and antisemitic. His language was linked to that used by the Black Hebrew Israelite movement.[169]
September 19, 2019 Vandalism 0 0 Racine, Wisconsin and Hancock, Michigan 2019 synagogue vandalism: On September 19, 2019, members of neo-Nazi accelerationist paramilitary group The Base vandalized Beth Israel Sinai Congregation in Racine, Wisconsin, and Temple Jacob in Hancock, Michigan in the US, in a campaign the group dubbed "Operation Kristallnacht". Three members of The Base were arrested and subsequently found guilty.[170][171][172] On June 5, 2024, 24-year-old Nathan Weeden was sentenced to 26 months in prison and 3 months of supervised release for the incident.[173]
July 28, 2019 Shooting 0 1 Miami, Florida A gunman in a Chevrolet Impala fired shots at the Young Israel of Greater Miami synagogue, spraying the building with bullets. A 68-year-old Jewish congregant sustained several bullet wounds during the attack, requiring extensive surgery. Carlints St. Louis was charged the next day with attempted murder and for perpetuating a hate crime.[174][175][176]
April 27, 2019 Shooting 1 3 Poway, California Poway synagogue shooting: John Earnest fired shots inside the synagogue, Chabad of Poway.[177][178][179] One woman was killed and three others were injured, including the synagogue's rabbi.[180][181] In an open letter posted on 8chan shortly before the shooting and signed with Earnest's name, the author blamed Jews for the "meticulously planned genocide of the European race", a White genocide conspiracy theory.[182][better source needed]
October 27, 2018 Shooting 11 6 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Pittsburgh synagogue shooting: a gunman killed eleven people and wounded six in a mass shooting at the Tree of Life – Or L'Simcha Congregation in the Squirrel Hill neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It was the deadliest attack on the Jewish community in the United States.[183] Bowers had earlier posted antisemitic comments about a group formerly named Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS) on the online social network Gab.[184] Referring to Central American migrant caravans and [[Immigrant|immigrants, Bowers posted on Gab that "HIAS likes to bring invaders in that kill our people. I can't sit by and watch my people get slaughtered. Screw your optics, I'm going in."[185][186]
11–12 August 2017 Riot 3 49+ Charlottesville, Virginia
See the main article: Unite the Right rally
In a far-right rally, attendees were filmed chanting "[the] Jews will not replace us". The rally turned deadly when James Alex Fields Jr., one of the attendees, launched a vehicle-ramming attack on an opposing group.[187][186]
24 June 2017 Harassment 0 0 Chicago, Illinois Three Jewish lesbians were ejected from the Chicago's Dyke March for carrying pride flags with the Star of David, a Jewish national symbol. They were reportedly interrogated over their stance on "Zionism" to which the organizer opposed. The incident drew widespread criticism.[188][189]
April 13, 2014 Shooting 3 0 Overland Park, Kansas Overland Park Jewish Community Center shooting: 73-year-old Frazier Glenn Miller Jr., a Klansman and neo-Nazi,[190] perpetrated shootings at the Jewish Community Center of Greater Kansas City and Village Shalom, a Jewish retirement community, both located in Overland Park, Kansas. A total of three people were killed in the shootings, two of whom were shot at the community center and one shot at the retirement community.[191]
June 10, 2009 Shooting 1 1 Washington, D.C. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum shooting: At about 12:50 pm on June 10, 2009, 88-year-old white supremacist James Wenneker von Brunn entered the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C., with a rifle and fatally shot Museum Special Police Officer Stephen Tyrone Johns. Other security guards returned fire, wounding von Brunn, who was apprehended.[192][193][194][195]
July 28, 2006 Shooting 1 6 Seattle, Washington 2006 Seattle Jewish Federation shooting: at around 4:00 pm. Naveed Afzal Haq entered the Jewish Federation of Greater Seattle building in the Belltown neighborhood of Seattle, Washington and shot six women, one fatally.[196] Witnesses reported that before Haq began shooting he shouted, "I'm a Muslim American; I'm angry at Israel."[197]
August 6, 2003 Stabbing 1 0 Houston, Texas Murder of Ariel Sellouk: Mohammed Ali Alayed, who had stopped socializing with his Jewish friend Ariel Sellouk due to becoming a religiously strict Muslim, came back to Alayed's apartment after not seeing each other for a year. Alayed slit Sellouk's throat and nearly decapitated him. Alayed pled guilty and was sentenced to 60 years in prison on April 19, 2004.[198][199]
July 4, 2002 Shooting 2 5 Los Angeles, California 2002 Los Angeles International Airport shooting: Hesham Mohamed Hadayet, a 41-year-old Egyptian national,[200] opened fire at the airline ticket counter of El Al, Israel's national airline, at Los Angeles International Airport. Two people were killed and four others were injured before the gunman was fatally shot by an El Al security guard.[201] In September 2002, federal investigators concluded that Hadayet hoped to influence U.S. government policy in favor of the Palestinians, and that the incident was a terrorist act.[202][203][204]
August 10, 1999 Shooting 1 5 Los Angeles, California Los Angeles Jewish Community Center shooting: at around 10:50 am. white supremacist Buford O. Furrow, Jr. walked into the lobby of the North Valley Jewish Community Center in Granada Hills and opened fire with a semi-automatic weapon, firing 70 shots into the complex. The gunfire wounded five people: three children, a teenage counselor, and an office worker. Shortly thereafter, Furrow murdered a mail carrier, fled the state, and finally surrendered to authorities.[205][206]
March 1, 1994 Shooting 1 3 New York, New York 1994 Brooklyn Bridge shooting: Rashid Baz shot at a van of 15 Chabad-Lubavitch Orthodox Jewish students who were traveling on the Brooklyn Bridge in New York City, killing one and injuring three others.[207] Baz was arrested and found to be in possession of anti-Jewish literature, a .380-caliber semiautomatic pistol, a stun gun, a bulletproof vest and two 50-round ammunition magazines. Initially, Baz claimed a traffic dispute led him to commit the shootings, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation initially classified the case as road rage.[208] Witnesses testified that on the day of the shooting Baz had attended "a raging anti-Semitic sermon" by Imam Reda Shata at the Islamic Society of Bay Ridge.[209]
August 19, 1991 – August 21 Riot 1 New York, New York Crown Heights riot: a race riot that took place in Crown Heights, Brooklyn, New York City in which black residents turned against Orthodox Jewish Chabad residents. The riots began on August 19, 1991, after two children of Guyanese immigrants were accidentally struck by one of the cars in the motorcade of Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson, the leader of Chabad, a Jewish religious movement. One child died and the second was severely injured. In the wake of the fatal accident, some black youths attacked several Jews on the street, seriously injuring several and fatally injuring Yankel Rosenbaum, an Orthodox Jewish student from Australia.[210]
April 17, 1986 Murder 1 0 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Murder of Neal Rosenblum was shot and killed because of his Jewish appearance, wearing Haredi attire. The killer was released from prison on October 23, 2017, after serving 15 years of the maximum 20.
June 18, 1984 Shooting 1 0 Denver, Colorado Members of the white nationalist group The Order shot Jewish talk radio host Alan Berg dead.[211]
October 8, 1977 Shooting 1 2 St. Louis, Missouri Guests who attended a bar mitzvah were leaving Brith Sholom Kneseth Israel synagogue when white supremacist Joseph Paul Franklin began shooting at them, killing Gerald Gordon, and wounding Steven Goldman and William Ash.[212][213][214]
November 11, 1957 and October 14, 1958 Bombing 0 0 Temple Beth-El, Nashville, Tennessee. Temple Emanuel, Gastonia, North Carolina. Temple Beth-El, Miami, Florida. Jewish Community Center, Nashville, Tennessee. Jewish Community Center, Jacksonville, Florida. Temple Beth-El, Birmingham, Alabama. The Temple, Atlanta, Georgia. Temple Anshei Emeth, Peoria, Illinois. Five bombings and three attempted bombings of synagogues, seven in the Southern United States and one in the Midwest United States. There were no deaths or injuries. Some of the bombings are unsolved to this day.
August 17, 1915 Lynching 1 0 Marietta, Georgia Lynching of Leo Frank: Leo Frank was an American factory superintendent who was wrongly convicted in 1913 of the murder of a 13-year-old employee, Mary Phagan, in Atlanta, Georgia.[216][218] His trial, conviction, and appeals attracted national attention. A mob lynched him on August 17, 1915, in response to the commutation of his death sentence.
December 17, 1862 Order Parts of Tennessee, Mississippi, and Kentucky General Order No. 11 was an order issued by Union Major-General Ulysses S. Grant on December 17, 1862, during the Vicksburg Campaign, that took place during the American Civil War. The order expelled all Jews from Grant's military district, comprising areas of Tennessee, Mississippi, and Kentucky. Grant issued the order in an effort to reduce Union military corruption, and stop an illicit trade of Southern cotton, which Grant thought was being run "mostly by Jews and other unprincipled traders."[219][better source needed]

At Holly Springs, Mississippi, Grant's Union Army supply depot, Jewish persons were rounded up and forced to leave the city by foot. On December 20, 1862, three days after Grant's order, Confederate Major General Earl Van Dorn's Confederate Army raided Holly Springs, that prevented many Jewish persons from potential expulsion. Although delayed by Van Dorn's raid, Grant's order was fully implemented at Paducah, Kentucky. Thirty Jewish families were expelled and roughly treated from the city.[source?]

Jewish community leaders protested, and there was an outcry by members of Congress and the press; President Abraham Lincoln countermanded the General Order on January 4, 1863. Grant claimed during his 1868 Presidential campaign that he had issued the order without prejudice against Jews as a way to address a problem that "certain Jews had caused".[220][better source needed]

Lies about Jews

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Further information: Christianity and Supersessionism

Ancient

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  1. The Jews killed Jesus[221][222]
  2. The Jews betrayed their prophets[221][222]
  3. The Jews conspire against Christianity[223]

Middle Ages

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  1. The Jews take blood from Christian babies for rituals (blood libel)[223][224]
  2. The Jews worship Satan[221][222]
  3. The Jews poison wells to cause epidemics, including the 14th century Black Death[223][225]

Modern

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Further information: The Protocols of the Elders of Zion
  1. The Jews control mass media[223][226]
  2. The Jews control all the banks[223][227]
  3. The Jews control governments around the world[228][229]
  4. The Jews create wars and revolutions around the world[223][230]

Contemporary

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Further information: Holocaust denial, Holocaust inversion, and Holocaust trivialization
  1. The Jews are fake European converts to Judaism[231]
  2. The Jews ran the Atlantic slave trade[231][232]
  3. The Jews created the AIDS and COVID-19[233]

Antisemitism in Abrahamic religions

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Antisemitism in the Bible

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The New Testament consists of antisemitic content blaming all Jews for the Crucifixion of Jesus:

For you, brothers and sisters, became imitators of God’s churches in Judea, which are in Christ Jesus: You suffered from your own people the same things those churches suffered from the Jews who killed the Lord Jesus and the prophets and also drove us out. They displease God and are hostile to everyone in their effort to keep us from speaking to the Gentiles so that they may be saved. In this way, they always heap up their sins to the limit. The wrath of God has come upon them at last.

— New International Version translation of 1 Thessalonians 2:14-16 from Greek and Hebrew sources

Antisemitism in the Quran

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The Qur'an consists of antisemitic content similar to that of the New Testament of the Bible:

Thou wilt find the most vehement of mankind in hostility to those who believe (to be) the Jews and the idolaters. And thou wilt find the nearest of them in affection to those who believe (to be) those who say: Lo! We are Christians. That is because there are among them priests and monks, and because they are not proud.

— Translation of Qur'an 5:82 by Marmaduke Pickthall
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Antisemitism.

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Working Definition Of Antisemitism". World Jewish Congress. Retrieved October 22, 2024.
    IHRA Working Definition of Antisemitism :
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Bard, Mitchell. "Anti-Semitism or Antisemitism?". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved November 4, 2024.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2
  6. ↑
  7. ↑ "Muslim-Western Tensions Persist - Pew Research Center". Washington, DC. 21 July 2011.
  8. ↑
  9. ↑
  10. ↑ "Discrimination and hate crime against Jews in EU Member States: experiences and perceptions of antisemitism" (PDF). European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights. 2013. Retrieved December 2, 2024.
  11. ↑ "ADL Survey Finds Harmful Antisemitic Stereotypes Remain Deeply Entrenched Across Europe". Anti-Defamation League (ADL). May 31, 2023. Retrieved December 3, 2024.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1
  13. ↑
  14. ↑
  15. ↑
  16. ↑
  17. ↑
  18. ↑
  19. ↑
  20. ↑
  21. ↑
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  23. ↑
    • Armenian: Հայաստանի ազատագրության հայ գաղտնի բանակ
    • Azerbaijani: Ermənistanın Azadlığı üçün Gizli Erməni Ordusu
    • Georgian: სომხეთის გათავისუფლების სომხური საიდუმლო არმია
    • Greek: Μυστικός Αρμενικός Στρατός για την απελευθέρωση της Αρμενίας
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  35. ↑ "Chassidic man punched in face outside Kew Gardens Hills synagogue". Jewish News Syndicate. October 10, 2024. Retrieved October 13, 2024. Police report that on Oct. 5 at around 2:40 p.m. outside of Congregation B'Nei Abraham-EF [...] someone punched the unidentified man in the face and then fled. The attack left a bruise but the victim, who was wearing traditional Chassidic clothing as he walked on Shabbat [...] }}
  36. ↑ "Antisemitic attack in Pittsburgh's Oakland neighborhood under investigation, police say". CBS News. September 27, 2024. Retrieved October 5, 2024. A Jewish student at the University of Pittsburgh wearing a Star of David necklace was attacked by a group of people who used antisemitic language in Pittsburgh's Oakland neighborhood early Friday morning, police said.
  37. ↑ "Jewish student wearing Star of David attacked by group in Pittsburgh". The Jerusalem Post. September 29, 2024. Retrieved October 5, 2024. For the second time in a month, a Jewish student at the University of Pittsburgh was attacked [...] according to multiple US news sites and the police [...]
  38. ↑ "Five Jewish college students report being assaulted in the last month, as Oct. 7 anniversary approaches". NBC News. October 2, 2024. Retrieved October 13, 2024. Dozens of universities have vowed tougher responses to curtail violence and disruptions, NBC News found. But few have explained how they will effectively enforce them.
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  41. ↑ "Civil rights groups condemn senator's questioning of Arab American witness". The Guardian. September 18, 2024. Retrieved October 13, 2024. Republican John Kennedy of Louisiana accuses thinktank director of supporting Hamas in heated hate crime hearing
  42. ↑ "Antisemitism has no place at the University of Michigan". University of Michigan. September 16, 2024. Retrieved October 5, 2024. Over the weekend, one of our students was attacked off campus simply for answering "yes" in response to the question "are you Jewish?" We strongly condemn and denounce this act of violence and all antisemitic acts.
  43. ↑ "Police: Michigan student attacked after saying he was Jewish". WXYZ Channel 7. September 16, 2024. Retrieved October 13, 2024. The Ann Arbor Police Department is investigating after a student says he was attacked right after telling a group of men that he was Jewish.
  44. ↑ "Jewish student attacked near University of Michigan". The Jewish Chronicle. September 17, 2024. Retrieved October 5, 2024. [...] the group confronted the 19-year-old victim [...] demanded to know if he was Jewish. After the young man acknowledged he was, the suspect slammed him to the concrete then kicked and spat on him before fleeing the scene, according to the Ann Arbor Police Department.
  45. ↑ "Man arrested after allegedly attacking Jewish students at University of Pittsburgh". The Forward. August 31, 2024. Retrieved October 13, 2024. The campus Hillel said the injured students were part of a group walking to Shabbat dinner together
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  47. ↑ "Man in Keffiyeh Arrested for Attacking Jewish Students at University of Pittsburgh, Wounding Two". Haaretz. August 31, 2024. Retrieved October 14, 2024. One Jewish student suffered facial cuts while the other was injured on his neck, authorities say, after the two were attacked on campus by a suspect wearing a keffiyeh
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  50. ↑ "Harvard Police Investigating Missing Mezuzah Incident as 'Bias Crime'". Harvard Crimson. October 2, 2024. Retrieved October 13, 2024. The Harvard University Police Department is investigating a "bias crime" after a Jewish freshman's mezuzah briefly went missing from her doorway in Thayer Hall last month [...]
  51. ↑ "'You Corrupt the World!' Jewish Man Wearing Kippah Assaulted in Washington, DC". Algemeiner. July 11, 2024. Retrieved October 5, 2024. The suspect said: "They're the cause of all our wars. The children in Gaza, the children in Palestine, we know! We know who you are! We know the lies that you've told, that you have stolen the place of the true children of Israel [...] You're a liar! You have stolen our birthright [...] you have enslaved us, you have enslaved us a people. You now corrupt the banks and you corrupt the world. We know who you are! All of you! They are the ones who brought rap music into our communities...tainting the minds of our children [...] they control the music scene. Now you hold the world ransom, because you control all the money [...] We know you've corrupted our governments [...] We know that you're murdering innocent men, women, and children in Gaza! You collect interest on the poor! How can people live with you who hold them captive!"
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  187. ↑ "'Jews will not replace us': Vice film lays bare horror of neo-Nazis in America". The Guardian. August 16, 2017. Retrieved October 11, 2024.
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  191. ↑ "F. Glenn Miller Jr. talks for the first time about the killings at Jewish centers - The Kansas City Star". Archived from the original on 2014-12-14. Retrieved 2014-12-10.
  192. ↑ Halsey III, Ashley; Paul Duggan (2009-06-11). "Was He Capable of This? Yes". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2012-11-08. Retrieved 2009-06-13.
  193. ↑ "Guard Slain in Museum Shootout ID'd; Gunman Hospitalized". WJLA-TV. 2009-06-10. Archived from the original on 2009-06-13. Retrieved 2009-06-10.
  194. ↑ Wilgoren, Debbi; Branigin, William (2009-06-10). "2 People Shot at U.S. Holocaust Museum". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2009-08-26. Retrieved 2009-06-10.
  195. ↑ Wilber, Del Quentin (January 7, 2010). "Von Brunn, white supremacist Holocaust museum shooter, dies". The Washington Post. p. B01. Archived from the original on February 3, 2017.
  196. ↑ Pulkinnen, Levi (December 15, 2009). "Jury finds Haq guilty in Jewish Federation Center shootings". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved February 16, 2010.
  197. ↑ Gilbert, Greg (August 3, 2006). "Haq allegedly shot woman, then chased her up stairs, killed her". The Seattle Times. p. A1.
  198. ↑ Tilghman, Andrew (April 20, 2004). "Saudi gets 60 years for killing Jewish friend here". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved September 29, 2014.
  199. ↑ McGraw, Seamus (January 23, 2004). "Religious Overtones Color a Murder in Texas". The Jewish Daily Forward. Retrieved September 28, 2014.
  200. ↑ Ramirez, Eddy (October 2, 2012). "Panel Probes LAX Gunman Terrorism: House lawmakers say closer scrutiny by INS might have prevented killings by Egyptian immigrant". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved July 20, 2015.
  201. ↑ Feldman, Charles (July 5, 2002). "Los Angeles airport shooting kills 3". CNN. Los Angeles, California. Archived from the original on December 4, 2004.
  202. ↑ "Federal investigators: L.A. airport shooting a terrorist act". CNN. September 5, 2002. Archived from the original on November 7, 2007.
  203. ↑ "FBI, Justice: El Al attack was terrorism". CNN. April 12, 2003. Archived from the original on February 3, 2007.
  204. ↑ "FBI, Justice: El Al attack was terrorism". CNN. April 12, 2003. Archived from the original on February 3, 2007. Retrieved December 2, 2008.
  205. ↑ "The Kids Got In The Way: All the warning signs were there, but still Buford Furrow got his hands on guns and went on a rampage." Time. 154.8. August 23, 1999. p24.
  206. ↑ "A Visitor from the Dark Side: The accused L.A. gunner drove into town on a high of delusion and self-destruction". Newsweek. August 23, 1999. p. 32.
  207. ↑ Murphy, Mary (March 1, 2011). "Back at Police Plaza, Bratton and Miller recall 20th anniversary of Brooklyn Bridge shooting". WPIX.
  208. ↑ Heilman, Uriel (Summer 2001). "Murder on the Brooklyn Bridge". Middle East Quarterly. Retrieved July 11, 2012.
  209. ↑ Mark, Jonathan (April 4, 2006). "Ari, Alisa And Memories In The Morning". New York Jewish Week. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
  210. ↑ Wilson, Judy (2006). "Crown Heights riot – fact, fiction, and plenty of blame". New Jersey Jewish News. Archived from the original on December 8, 2007. Retrieved October 20, 2007.
  211. ↑ "The murder of Alan Berg in Denver: 25 years later". Denver Post. June 18, 2009. Retrieved December 12, 2012.
  212. ↑ Fattel, Isabel (28 October 2018). "A Brief History of Anti-Semitic Violence in America". The Atlantic. Retrieved 29 October 2018.
  213. ↑ Vitello, Paul (20 November 2013). "White Supremacist Convicted of Several Murders Is Put to Death in Missouri". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 October 2018.
  214. ↑ Green, David (28 October 2018). "From Lynchings to Mass Shootings: The History of Deadly Attacks on Jews in America". Haaretz. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
  215. ↑ Wilkes, Donald E Jr., Flagpole Magazine, "Politics, Prejudice, and Perjury", p. 9 (March 1, 2000).
  216. ↑ "The modern historical consensus, as exemplified in the Dinnerstein book, is that ... Leo Frank was an innocent man convicted at an unfair trial."[215]
  217. ↑ Ravitz, Jessica (November 2, 2009). "Murder case, Leo Frank lynching". CNN.
  218. ↑ "The consensus of historians is that the Frank case was a miscarriage of justice."[217]
  219. ↑ John Y Simon (1979). The Papers of Ulysses S. Grant, Volume 7: December 9, 1862 – March 31, 1863. SIU Press. p. 56. ISBN 978-0-8093-0880-4.
  220. ↑ Shelley Kapnek Rosenberg; et al. (2005). History of the Jews in America: Civil War Through the Rise of Zionism. Behrman House, Inc. pp. 22–23. ISBN 978-0-87441-778-4.
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  226. ↑ Láníček, Jan (2013). Czechs, Slovaks and the Jews, 1938–48: Beyond Idealisation and Condemnation. New York: Springer. ISBN 978-1-137-31747-6.
  227. ↑ "Jewish 'Control' of the Federal Reserve: A Classic Anti-Semitic Myth". Anti-Defamation League (ADL). Archived from the original on 12 January 2014. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
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  231. ↑ 231.0 231.1
  232. ↑
  233. ↑
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