Rupambuko rweChiedza

Muchidzidzo chefundoyetsimba, Rupambuko rwe Chiedza (nge. refraction of light) zvinoreva kukoteka nokushanduka kwakanangwa kunoitika kana masaisai achipfuura muhwendedzo (medium) hwakasiyana. Panoshanduka hwendedzo, muchacha wesaisai unoshanduka asi rudido rwemasaisai harushanduke. Rupambuko rwechiedza runoonekwa kana masaisai achisvika pahwendedzo negonyo risiri 90^o kana 0^o. Rupambuko runonyanya kuonekwa pamasaisai echiedza, asi unoitikawo kana masaisai emuriro achipfuura muhwendedzo hwakasiyana. Rupambuko runoitika kana masaisai emvura achipfuura mumvura yakadzika zvakasiyana. Chiitiko chekukombamiswa kana kutsaudzwa kwechiedza pakati pehwendedzo huviri chinotsanangurwa nemutemo waSnell unonyorwa sezvinotevera:

Mutaro unotaridza rupambuko wemasaisai emvura

Pane hwendedzo huviri huri kudarikwa nesaisai rine dendera pa mineti rakafanana, rheshiyo yemasine egonyo rokusvika θ₁ negonyo rerupambuko θ₂ yakaenzana nerheshiyo yemuchacha muhwendedzo mbiri (v₁ / v₂). Zvakare rheshiyo idzi dzakaenzana nemusunamiswa werheshiyo dzemutendeki werupambuko, (n₂ / n₁):

{\frac {\sin \theta _{1}}{\sin \theta _{2}}}={\frac {v_{1}}{v_{2}}}={\frac {n_{2}}{n_{1}}}.

Kurerutsa mutauro

Kukoteka - bend, to bend
Mutendeki werupambuko - refractive index.
Gonyo rokusvika - Angle of incidence.
Gonyo rerupambuko - Angle of refraction.
Kupambuka zvinoreva kutsauka kubva panzira nyanga iri kufambwa nayo kuchitorwa imwe nzira; izvi zvoreva kushanduka kwedivi rakanangwa (direction).

Tsananguro

Rupambuko chiitiko chinoonekwa kana masaisai achidarika hwendedzo mbiri dzine mutendeki werupambuko wakasiyana. Pamuganhu wehwendedzo mbiri idzi, spidhi yemasaisai inoshandurwa, izvi zvokonzera kushandura kwedivi rakanangwa nemasaisai. Hurefu hwemasaisai hunoshanduka asi mudida wacho haushanduke.

Mitauro ye Chibanthu

VaLenje kune izwi rinoti kupambana (part, branch, divide e.g. road). VaLenje vanoti mapambanwe (place where road branches).
Lenje vanoti pambuka (turn off, branch off, separate from something, come apart) kureva kupambuka.
Lenje vanoti pambana (go different ways) kureva kupambana. Herero inoti pamburuka (v. to break - as of the sun in rising).
Herero inoti pamburuka (v. to break - as of something close together such as a seam or mended crack in a wall) kureva kubamuka.
VaMambwe vanoti -pambasya (to lead or pass aside) kureva kupambutsa.
VaMambwe vanoti -pambatula (to separate that which adheres, unglue) kureva kukwatanura.
MaZulu vanoti phambu (ideo. of branching off, turning, deviating). Mamwe mazwi: impambu (deviation) kureva mhambu.
Zulu vanoti phambuka (Branch off, turn off, deviate; move out of the way). Sokuti: ukuphambuha endleleni (to turn off from the path) kureva kutsauka kubva munzira.
Kikongo vanoti mpambula (n. a separation; a division).