Theobroma cacao

Theobroma cacao

Theobroma cacao

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Malvales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Rosids Cladus: Eurosids II Ordo: Malvales

Familia: Malvaceae
Subfamilia: Byttnerioideae
Tribus: Theobromateae
Genus: Theobroma
Sectio: T. sect. Theobroma
Species: Theobroma cacao

Name

Theobroma cacao L., Sp. Pl. 2: 782 (1753).

Synonyms

• Homotypic
  • Cacao sativa Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 689 (1775), nom. illeg.
  • Theobroma sativa Lign. & Le Bey, Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie, ser. 5, 8: 233 (1904), nom. inval.
  • Cacao theobroma Tussac in Fl. Antill. 1: t. 13 (1811), nom. superfl.
  • Theobroma cacao subsp. sativum León in Hardy's Cacao Man.: 312 (1960), not validly publ.
• Heterotypic
  • Cacao minus Gaertn. in Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 190 (1791)
  • Theobroma cacao f. lacandonense Cuatrec. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 35: 514 (1964)
  • Theobroma cacao var. leiocarpum (Bernoulli) Cif. in Mem. Cl. Sci. Fis. Mat. Nat. Reale Accad. Italia 4: 604 (1933)
  • Theobroma cacao subsp. leiocarpum (Bernoulli) Cuatrec. in Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 13(3A): 654 (1956)
  • Theobroma cacao f. leiocarpum (Bernoulli) Ducke in Rodriguésia 4: 274 (1940)
  • Theobroma cacao subsp. pentagonum (Bernoulli) León in Hardy's Cacao Man.: 312 (1960)
  • Theobroma cacao f. pentagonum (Bernoulli) Cuatrec. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 35: 513 (1964)
  • Theobroma cacao subsp. sphaerocarpum (A.Chev.) Cuatrec. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 35: 515 (1964)
  • Theobroma caribaeum Sweet in Hort. Brit., ed. 2: 67 (1830), not validly publ.
  • Theobroma integerrimum Stokes in Bot. Mat. Med. 4: 83 (1812)
  • Theobroma kalaguum De Wild. in Bull. Herb. Boissier 7: 957 (1899)
  • Theobroma leiocarpum Bernoulli in Denkschr. Schweiz. Naturf. Ges. 24(3): 6 (1871)
  • Theobroma minus (Gaertn.) A.Chev. in Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 26: 283 (1946)
  • Theobroma pentagonum Bernoulli in Denkschr. Schweiz. Naturf. Ges. 24(3): 6 (1871)
  • Theobroma salzmannianum Bernoulli in Denkschr. Schweiz. Naturf. Ges. 24(3): 7 (1871)
  • Theobroma sapidum Pittier in Bol. Soc. Venez. Ci. Nat. 1: 183 (1932), nom. nud.
  • Theobroma sativum var. leucospermum A.Chev. in Bull. Int. Bot. Appl. 26: 270 (1946)
  • Theobroma sativum var. melanospermum A.Chev. in Bull. Int. Bot. Appl. 26: 270 (1946)
  • Theobroma sphaerocarpum A.Chev. in Vég. Ut. Afr. Trop. Franç. 4: 12 (1908)

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Southern America Regional: Brazil Brazil North Regional: Northern South America Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela Regional: Western South America Ecuador, Peru Introduced into: Andaman Is., Belize, Bolivia, Brazil Northeast, Cameroon, Caroline Is., Cayman Is., Central American Pac, China South-Central, Comoros, Cook Is., Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Fiji, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea, Gulf of Guinea Is., Hainan, Haiti, Honduras, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Laos, Leeward Is., Marianas, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Nicobar Is., Nigeria, Puerto Rico, Seychelles, Society Is., Sri Lanka, Togo, Trinidad-Tobago, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Windward Is., Zaïre References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

• Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus II: 782. Reference page. 

Links

• Hassler, M. 2020. Theobroma cacao. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2020. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2020 Nov. 18. Reference page. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2020. Theobroma cacao. Published online. Accessed: Nov. 18 2020.
• Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Theobroma cacao in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2020 Nov. 18. Reference page. 
• Tropicos.org 2020. Theobroma cacao. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 18 Nov. 2020.
• USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Theobroma cacao in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 07-Oct-06.

Vernacular names

ak: Kookoo
Basa Bali: Buah Coklat
беларуская: Какава
Deutsch: Kakaobaum
English: Cocoa tree
suomi: Kaakaopuu
Nordfriisk: Kakaobuum
français: Cacao
Bahasa Indonesia: Kakao
italiano: Cacao
日本語: カカオ
한국어: 카카오
македонски: Какао
Nederlands: Cacao
português: Cacau
русский: Какао
српски / srpski: какаовац
svenska: Kakaoträd
ไทย: โกโก้
Türkçe: Kakao
українська: Какао
中文（臺灣）: 可可樹

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