Imunostimulant

Imunostimulanti, imunostimulatori, su supstance (lekovi i hranljive materije) koje stimulišu imunski sistem podsticanjem (stimulacijom) ili povećanjem aktivnosti bilo koje komponente imunskog sistema. Jedan značajan primer je GM-CSF (stimulišući faktor kolonija granulocit makrofaga).^[1]

Klasifikacija

Postoje dve glavne kategorije imunostimulanata:

Specifični imunostimulanti su oni koji pružaju antigensku specifičnost imunog odgovora, kao što su vakcine^[2], i antigeni^[3].
Nespecifični imunostimulanti su oni koji deluju nezavisno od antigenske specifičnosti da bi povećali imuni odgovor drugih antigena, ili oni koji stimulišu komponente imunskog sistema bez antigenske specifičnosti, kao što su adjuvanti. Mnoge endogene (unutrašnje) supstance su nespecifični imunostimulatori. Na primer, za ženske polne hormone je poznato da stimulišu i adaptivni^[4] i urođeni imuni odgovor.^[5] Neke autoimune bolesti kao što je sistemski eritemski lupus preferencijalno ugrožavaju žene, i njihov početak se poklapa sa pubertetom. Poznato je da i drugi hormoni regulišu imunski sistem, na primer prolaktin, hormon rasta i vitamin D.^[6]^[7]

Deoksiholna kiselina

Neke publikacije upućuju na imunostimulantni efekat deoksiholne kiseline (DCA).^[8]^[9]^[10] DCA dejstvuje na nespecifični imunski sistem, aktivirajući njegov glavni ćelijski tip, makrofage. Prema ovim publikacijama, dovoljna količina deoksiholne kiseline u ljudskom telu bi bila poput snažne imune reakcije nespecifičnog imunskog sistema.

Vidi još

Opšte

Endogeni imunostimulanti

Deoksiholna kiselina, stimulator makrofaga

Sintetički imunostimulanti

Makrokin (Tetrahloro-dekaoksid), stimulator makrofaga

Biljni imunostimulanti

Reference

^ Thomas J. Kindt; Richard A. Goldsby; Barbara Anne Osborne; Janis Kuby (2006). Kuby Immunology (6 изд.). New York: W H Freeman and company. ISBN 1429202114.
^ Mattner F, Fleitmann JF, Lingnau K, Schmidt W, Egyed A, Fritz J, Zauner W, Wittmann B, Gorny I, Berger M, Kirlappos H, Otava A, Birnstiel ML, Buschle M (2002). „Vaccination with Poly-L-Arginine As Immunostimulant for Peptide Vaccines: Induction of Potent and Long-Lasting T-Cell Responses against Cancer Antigens”. Cancer Research. 62: 1477—1480.
^ Cullen CM, Jameson SC, DeLay M, Cottrell C, Becken ET, Choi E, Hirsch R (1999). „A divalent major histocompatibility complex/IgG1 fusion protein induces antigen-specific T cell activation in vitro and in vivo”. Cell Immunol. 192 (1): 54—62. PMID 10066347.
^ Wira CR, Crane-Godreau M, Grant K (2004). „Endocrine regulation of the mucosal immune system in the female reproductive tract”. Ур.: Ogra PL, Mestecky J, Lamm ME, Strober W, McGhee JR, Bienenstock J. Mucosal Immunology. San Francisco: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-12-491543-5.
^ Lang, TJ (2004). „Estrogen as an immunomodulator”. Clin Immunol. 113: 224—230. PMID 15507385. doi:10.1016/j.clim.2004.05.011.
Moriyama, A; Shimoya, K.; I, Ogata; et al. (1999). „Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) concentrations in cervical mucus of women with normal menstrual cycle”. Molecular Human Reproduction. 5: 656—661. PMID 10381821. doi:10.1093/molehr/5.7.656.
Cutolo M, Sulli A, Capellino S, Villaggio B, Montagna P, Seriolo B, Straub RH (2004). „Sex hormones influence on the immune system: basic and clinical aspects in autoimmunity”. Lupus. 13: 635—638. PMID 15485092. doi:10.1191/0961203304lu1094oa.
King AE, Critchley HO, Kelly RW (2000). „Presence of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in human endometrium and first trimester decidua suggests an antibacterial role”. Molecular Human Reproduction. 6: 191—196. PMID 10655462. doi:10.1093/molehr/6.2.191.
^ Dorshkind K, Horseman ND (2000). „The Roles of Prolactin, Growth Hormone, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I, and Thyroid Hormones in Lymphocyte Development and Function: Insights from Genetic Models of Hormones and Hormone Receptor Deficiency”. Endocrine Reviews. 21: 292—312. PMID 10857555. doi:10.1210/er.21.3.292. Архивирано из оригинала 31. 07. 2010. г. Приступљено 09. 05. 2010.
^ Nagpal, Sunil; Naand, Songqing; Rathnachalam, Radhakrishnan (2005). „Noncalcemic Actions of Vitamin D Receptor Ligands”. Endocrine Reviews. 26 (5): 662—687. PMID 15798098. doi:10.1210/er.2004-0002. Архивирано из оригинала 19. 02. 2009. г. Приступљено 09. 05. 2010.
^ Vlček B., Reif A., Seidlova B.: Evidence of the participation of deoxycholate in cancer immunity, Z.Naturforsch. 26 b, 419-424 (1971)
^ Vlček B.: Potentiation of the immune response with DCA (czech), Prakt.Lekar 52, 326-330 (1972)
^ Chyle M., Chyle P.: Regulation of the immune response with DCA (czech, engl. summary), Sbornik lek. 84, 212-218 (1982)
^ Djeraba A, Quere P (2000). „In vivo macrophage activation in chickens with Acemannan, a complex carbohydrate extracted from Aloe vera”. Int J Immunopharmacol. 22 (5): 365—72.
^ Soltanian S, Stuyven E, Cox E, Sorgeloos P, Bossier P (2009). „Beta-glucans as immunostimulant in vertebrates and invertebrates”. Critical Reviews in Microbiology. 35 (2): 109—138. doi:10.1080/10408410902753746.

Spoljašnje veze

„Imunostimulanti”. Архивирано из оригинала 06. 09. 2010. г.
Veterinarska imunologija i imunopatologija žurnal
Immunostimulants на US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
„Deoksiholna kiselina kao imunostimulant”. Архивирано из оригинала 27. 03. 2010. г.

Molimo Vas, obratite pažnju na važno upozorenje
u vezi sa temama iz oblasti medicine (zdravlja).

[KubyImmunology6th-1] Thomas J. Kindt; Richard A. Goldsby; Barbara Anne Osborne; Janis Kuby (2006). Kuby Immunology (6 изд.). New York: W H Freeman and company. ISBN 1429202114.

[Vaccination-2] Mattner F, Fleitmann JF, Lingnau K, Schmidt W, Egyed A, Fritz J, Zauner W, Wittmann B, Gorny I, Berger M, Kirlappos H, Otava A, Birnstiel ML, Buschle M (2002). „Vaccination with Poly-L-Arginine As Immunostimulant for Peptide Vaccines: Induction of Potent and Long-Lasting T-Cell Responses against Cancer Antigens”. Cancer Research. 62: 1477—1480.

[complex/IgG1-3] Cullen CM, Jameson SC, DeLay M, Cottrell C, Becken ET, Choi E, Hirsch R (1999). „A divalent major histocompatibility complex/IgG1 fusion protein induces antigen-specific T cell activation in vitro and in vivo”. Cell Immunol. 192 (1): 54—62. PMID 10066347.

[4] Wira CR, Crane-Godreau M, Grant K (2004). „Endocrine regulation of the mucosal immune system in the female reproductive tract”. Ур.: Ogra PL, Mestecky J, Lamm ME, Strober W, McGhee JR, Bienenstock J. Mucosal Immunology. San Francisco: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-12-491543-5.

[5] Lang, TJ (2004). „Estrogen as an immunomodulator”. Clin Immunol. 113: 224—230. PMID 15507385. doi:10.1016/j.clim.2004.05.011.
Moriyama, A; Shimoya, K.; I, Ogata; et al. (1999). „Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) concentrations in cervical mucus of women with normal menstrual cycle”. Molecular Human Reproduction. 5: 656—661. PMID 10381821. doi:10.1093/molehr/5.7.656.
Cutolo M, Sulli A, Capellino S, Villaggio B, Montagna P, Seriolo B, Straub RH (2004). „Sex hormones influence on the immune system: basic and clinical aspects in autoimmunity”. Lupus. 13: 635—638. PMID 15485092. doi:10.1191/0961203304lu1094oa.
King AE, Critchley HO, Kelly RW (2000). „Presence of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in human endometrium and first trimester decidua suggests an antibacterial role”. Molecular Human Reproduction. 6: 191—196. PMID 10655462. doi:10.1093/molehr/6.2.191.

[6] Dorshkind K, Horseman ND (2000). „The Roles of Prolactin, Growth Hormone, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I, and Thyroid Hormones in Lymphocyte Development and Function: Insights from Genetic Models of Hormones and Hormone Receptor Deficiency”. Endocrine Reviews. 21: 292—312. PMID 10857555. doi:10.1210/er.21.3.292. Архивирано из оригинала 31. 07. 2010. г. Приступљено 09. 05. 2010.

[7] Nagpal, Sunil; Naand, Songqing; Rathnachalam, Radhakrishnan (2005). „Noncalcemic Actions of Vitamin D Receptor Ligands”. Endocrine Reviews. 26 (5): 662—687. PMID 15798098. doi:10.1210/er.2004-0002. Архивирано из оригинала 19. 02. 2009. г. Приступљено 09. 05. 2010.

[8] Vlček B., Reif A., Seidlova B.: Evidence of the participation of deoxycholate in cancer immunity, Z.Naturforsch. 26 b, 419-424 (1971)

[9] Vlček B.: Potentiation of the immune response with DCA (czech), Prakt.Lekar 52, 326-330 (1972)

[10] Chyle M., Chyle P.: Regulation of the immune response with DCA (czech, engl. summary), Sbornik lek. 84, 212-218 (1982)

[Aloe_vera-11] Djeraba A, Quere P (2000). „In vivo macrophage activation in chickens with Acemannan, a complex carbohydrate extracted from Aloe vera”. Int J Immunopharmacol. 22 (5): 365—72.

[12] Soltanian S, Stuyven E, Cox E, Sorgeloos P, Bossier P (2009). „Beta-glucans as immunostimulant in vertebrates and invertebrates”. Critical Reviews in Microbiology. 35 (2): 109—138. doi:10.1080/10408410902753746.

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