未然形

Јапански

Kanji in this term
未	然	形
み Степен: 4	ぜん Степен: 4	けい Степен: 2
goon	kan'on

Етимологија

Једињење од 未然 (mizen, literally “not yet occurred”) +‎ 形 (kei, “form”). Historically called 将然言(しょうぜんげん) (shōzengen), 未然段(みぜんだん) (mizendan).

Изговор

• () みぜんけー [mìzéńkéé] (Heiban – [0])
• МФА^(кључ): [mʲizẽ̞ŋke̞ː]

Именица

未(み)然(ぜん)形(けい) (mizenkei) 

1. (grammar) a Japanese verbal inflectional category: the irrealis form

   Indicates that something has not yet happened, or not yet begun.

Корисне белешке

This term is used in the traditional description of Japanese grammar. In 日本語教育文法, this is called the ない形 (-nai kei, “-nai form”) as it is used before the suffix ない (-nai). In the western analysis of Japanese grammar, it is not an inflected form but a derived stem, called for example the "a- stem" in Bjarke Frellesvig's works. Some analyses such as John R. Bentley's A Descriptive Grammar Of Early Old Japanese Prose even do not posit such a stem at all, instead analyzing the a as part of the suffix (e.g. yuk-azu instead of yuka-zu).

Повезани термини

• 已然形(いぜんけい) (izenkei, “realis”)
• 仮定形(かていけい) (kateikei, “conditional”)
• 終止形(しゅうしけい) (shūshikei, “conclusive”)
• 命令形(めいれいけい) (meireikei, “imperative”)
• 連用形(れんようけい) (ren'yōkei, “adverbial”)
• 連体形(れんたいけい) (rentaikei, “attributive”)

Види и

• Додатак:Јапански глаголи

Референце

• Shibatani, Masayoshi (1990) The languages of Japan, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 221-224