Suis
Suis (Basa Jérman: die Schweiz,[note 3] Basa Prancis: la Suisse, Basa Itali: Svizzera, Romansh: la Svizra), resmina Konféderasi Suis (Lat.: Confœderatio Helvetica, ku kituna dina ISO boga sandi nagara CH jeung CHE), nyaéta républik féderal nu diwangun ku 26 kanton, kalawan puseurna di Bern. Ieu nagara perenahna di Éropa Kulon[note 4], dikuriling ku Jérman (kalér), Prancis (kulon), Itali (kidul), sarta Austria jeung Liechtenstein (wétan).
| Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft Confédération suisse Confederazione Svizzera Confederaziun svizra Confoederatio Helvetica Konféderasi Swiss |
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| Motto Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno (tradisional) (Latin: Hiji pikeun sadaya, sadaya pikeun hiji) |
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| Lagu Swiss Psalm |
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 Lokasi Suis (héjo) di buana Éropa (kulawu kolot) — [Legenda] |
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| Ibu kota | Bern[note 1] (de facto) | |||||
| Kota panggedéna | Zurich | |||||
| Basa resmi | Jérman (63.7 %), Perancis (20.4 %), Italia (6.5 %), Roma[1] (0.5 %) |
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| Démonim | Swiss | |||||
| Pamaréntah | Républik féderal, kalawan sistem arahan jeung démokrasi langsung | |||||
| - | Déwan Féderal | Viola Amherd (Présidén) Karin Keller-Sutter (Wakil Présidén) Guy Parmelin Ignazio Cassis Albert Rösti Elisabeth Baume-Schneider Beat Jans |
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| - | Kanselir Féderal | Viktor Rossi | ||||
| Kamerdékaan | ||||||
| - | Kaping pawangunan | 1 Agustus[note 2] 1291 | ||||
| - | de facto | 22 Séptémber 1499 | ||||
| - | Diakuan | 24 Oktober 1648 | ||||
| - | Diréstorasi | 7 Agustus 1815 | ||||
| - | Nagara féderal | 12 Séptémber 1848[2] | ||||
| Aréa | ||||||
| - | Total | 41.285 km² (ka-133) 15.940 mil² |
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| - | Cai (%) | 4,2 | ||||
| Populasi | ||||||
| - | Perkiraan 2010 | 7.866.500[3] (ka-95) | ||||
| - | Sénsus 2000 | 7.452.075 | ||||
| - | Kapadetan | 188 /km² (ka-65) 477,4 /mil² |
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| GDP (PPP) | Perkiraan 2011 | |||||
| - | Total | $321,898 milyar[4] | ||||
| - | Per kapita | $45.265[4] | ||||
| GDP (nominal) | Perkiraan 2011 | |||||
| - | Total | $512,065 miliar[4] | ||||
| - | Per kapita | $75.835[4] | ||||
| Gini? (2000) | 33,7 (sedeng) | |||||
| HDI (2010) |  0.874[5] (luhur pisan) (ka-13) |
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| Mata uang | Franc Swiss (CHF) |
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| Zona wanci | CET (UTC+1) | |||||
| - | Usum panas (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||||
| TLD Internét | .ch | |||||
| Kode telepon | +41 | |||||
Suis téh nagara nu kakubeng di darat nu wilayahna sacara géografis kabagi tilu ku Alps, Central Plateau, jeung Jura nu lega sakabéhna 41.285 km2. Pangeusina kira ukur 7,8 juta jalma nu lolobana matuh di Platéau, tempatna kota-kota gedé, di antarana dua kota global jeung puseur ékonomi Zurih (Zürich) jeung Jenéwa (Geneva). Ieu nagara kaasup nagara pangbeungharna di dunya dumasar produk doméstik bruto (PDB) per kapita anu gedéna US$67.384.[4] Zurih jeung Jenéwa salaku kota aya dina réngking kadua jeung katilu salaku kota anu kualitas hirupna punjul.[6]
Konféderasi Suis kungsi lila jadi nagara nétral—teu kungsi ngilu perang sacara internasional ti 1815—malah kakara ngagabung jeung PBB taun 2002. Di Suis loba markas organisasi internasional, di antarana baé Forum Ékonomi Sadunya, IOC, Palang Mérah Internasional, WTO, FIFA, jeung kantor PBB panggedéna kadua. Dina tingkatan Éropa, Suis téh tempat ngadegna European Free Trade Association sarta ngilu kana Schengen Agreement - najan sabenerna ieu nagara téh lain anggota Uni Éropa atawa European Economic Area.
Pangeusi Suis diwangun ku tilu wilayah basa jeung budaya: Jérman, Prancis, jeung Itali. Ku kituna, masarakatna henteu ngabentuk hiji bangsa dina harti étnik atawa jatidiri basa anu ilahar. Kuatna rasa sanagara datang ti saruana kasang tukang sajarah, ajén-inajén (féderalismeu, démokrasi langsung, nétralitas)[7] jeung simbolismeu Alpina.[8] Konféderasi Suis ngadeg 1 Agustus 1291, sarta dipiéling unggal taun salaku Poé Nasional Suis.
Kanton
édit
Konféderasi Swiss dibagi kana 26 kanton, nyaéta:
Jérman Standar Swiss jeung Jérman Swiss (63,7%),
Perancis, Franche-Comte, jeung Arpitan (19,2%),
Italia jeung Lombardia (7,6%),
Roma (0,6%)
Catetan suku
édit- ↑ De jure "federal city"; de facto capital. Because of historical federalist sensibilities, Swiss law does not designate a formal capital, and some federal institutions such as courts are located in other cities.
- ↑ Traditional. The Federal Charter mentions only "early August" and the treaty is a renewal of an older one, now lost.
- ↑ The Swiss German name is also sometimes spelt as Schwyz or Schwiiz. Schwyz is also the standard German (and international) name of one of the Swiss cantons.
- ↑ Or Central Europe depending on the definition. See Geography of Switzerland.
Tempo ogé
éditRujukan
édit- ↑ Federal Constitution, article 4 Archived 2014-10-23 di Wayback Machine, "National languages" : National languages are German, French, Italian and Romansh; Federal Constitution, article 70 Archived 2014-10-23 di Wayback Machine, "Languages", paragraph 1: The official languages of the Confederation are German, French and Italian. Romansh shall be an official language for communicating with persons of Romansh language.
- ↑ A solemn declaration of the Tagsatzung Archived 2016-07-14 di Wayback Machine declared the Federal Constitution adopted on 12 September 1848. A resolution of the Tagsatzung Archived 2016-07-14 di Wayback Machine of 14 September 1848 specified that the powers of the institutions provided for by the 1815 Federal Treaty would expire at the time of the constitution of the Federal Council, which took place on 16 November 1848.
- ↑ "Population size and population composition". Swiss Federal Statistical Office. Swiss Federal Statistical Office, Neuchâtel. 2010. Diakses tanggal 2011-04-29. Archived 2016-06-28 di Wayback Machine
- ↑ a b c d e "Switzerland". International Monetary Fund. Diakses tanggal 2010-04-21. Archived 2021-06-07 di Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Human Development Report 2010" (PDF). United Nations. 2010. Diakses tanggal 4 November 2010. Archived 8 Nopémber 2010 di Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Swiss and German cities dominate ranking of best cities in the world". Citymayors.com. 2009-04-28. Diakses tanggal 2010-04-29. Archived 2010-11-01 di Wayback Machine
- ↑ Constitutional Patriotism and Exclusion: the Swiss Case Archived 2016-01-12 di Wayback Machine euroculturemaster.org. Retrieved on 2009-07-30
- ↑ In Search of Natural Identity: Alpine Landscape and the Reconstruction of the Swiss Nation. Archived 2013-01-16 di Wayback Machine journals.cambridge.org. Retrieved on 2009-07-30
Bibliografi
édit- Church, Clive H. (2004) The Politics and Government of Switzerland. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0-333-69277-2.
- Dalton, O.M. (1927) The History of the Franks, by Gregory of Tours. Oxford: The Clarendon Press.
- Fahrni, Dieter. (2003) An Outline History of Switzerland. From the Origins to the Present Day. 8th enlarged edition. Pro Helvetia, Zürich. ISBN 3-908102-61-8
- Historical Dictionary of Switzerland (2002–). Published electronically and in print simultanéously in three national languages of Switzerland.
Tumbu kaluar
édit| Pék paluruh émbaran nu leuwih loba ngeunaan Switzerland ku jalan nyungsi proyék sabaraya Wikipédia | |
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Définisi kamus ti Wiktionary |
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Buku téks ti Wikibooks |
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Cutatan ti Wikiquote |
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Téks sumber ti Wikisource |
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Gambar jeung média ti Commons |
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Warta ti Wikinews |
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Sumber pangajaran ti Wikiversity |
- Pamaréntah
- The Federal Authorities of the Swiss Confederation
- Chief of State and Cabinet Members Archived 2009-01-14 di Wayback Machine
- Swissworld.org, Switzerland's information portal
- Swiss Statistics, official website of the Swiss Federal Statistical Office
- Rujukan
- Éntri Switzerland di CIA World Factbook
- Switzerland entry at Encyclopædia Britannica
- Switzerland at UCB Libraries GovPubs
- {{{2}}} di Open Directory Project
- Géografi
Atlas Switzerland Wikimedia, ngandung peta ngeunaan Switzerland.
Tempo ogé Suis di Wikivoyage
- Pelesir
- MySwitzerland.com, official website of Switzerland Tourism
- Sajarah
- Historical Dictionary of Switzerland (Basa Jerman) (Basa Perancis) (It.)
- History of Switzerland
- Média massa
- Neue Zürcher Zeitung (Basa Jerman), a Swiss daily newspaper
- Le Temps (Basa Perancis), a Swiss daily newspaper
- Corriere Del Ticino (It.), a Swiss daily newspaper
- swissinfo.ch, Swiss News - Worldwide
- expatinch.com, Swiss media resources page Archived 2012-09-17 di Wayback Machine
- Atikan
- The Swiss School System
- Swiss Universities Handbook
- Universities in Switzerland
- sieps.ch Archived 2021-04-21 di Wayback Machine Information Services on Swiss Private Schools and Universities
- Élmu, panalungtikan, jeung téhnologi
- The Swiss Portal for Research and Innovation
- State Secretariat for Education and Research, SER
- The Swiss National Science Foundation Archived 2013-07-29 di Wayback Machine
- CTI, Commission for Technology and Innovation
Koordinat: 46°50′00″N 8°20′00″E / 46.83333°N 8.33333°E