Punda

Punda

Punda-kaya katika Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Amboseli

Uainishaji wa kisayansi

Himaya:	Animalia (Wanyama)
Faila:	Chordata (Wanyama wenye ugwe wa neva mgongoni)
Ngeli:	Mamalia (Wanyama wenye viwele wanaonyonyesha wadogo wao)
Oda:	Perissodactyla (Wanyama wenye kidole kimoja au vitatu miguuni)
Familia:	Equidae (Wanyama walio na mnasaba na farasi)
Jenasi:	Equus (Farasi na punda) Linnaeus, 1758
Nusujenasi:	Asinus

Ngazi za chini

Spishi 3, nususpishi 12:

E. africanus Heuglin & Fitzinger, 1866
- E. a. africanus Heuglin & Fitzinger, 1866
- †E. a. atlanticus P. Thomas, 1884
- E. a. somalicus Noack, 1884
E. asinus Linnaeus, 1758
E. hemionus Pallas, 1775
- E. h. hemionus Pallas, 1775
- †E. h. hemippus Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1855
- E. h. khur Lesson, 1827
- E. h. kulan Groves & Mazák, 1967
- E. h. onager Boddaert, 1785
E. kiang Moorcroft, 1841
- E. k. chu Moorcroft, 1841
- E. k. holdereri Groombridge, 1994
- E. k. kiang Moorcroft, 1841
- E. k. polyodon Hodgson, 1847

Punda ni wanyama wakubwa kiasi wa nusujenasi Asinus ya jenasi Equus katika familia Equidae wafananao na farasi mdogo. Spishi moja (Equus kiang), ambayo inatokea Asia, huitwa kiang'. Punda anayejulikana sana ni yule anayefugwa (Punda-kaya), lakini kuna punda porini pia. Watu huwatumia punda wafugwao kwa kubeba mizigo, kuvuta magari au kuwarakibu. Punda wanaweza kuzaliana na farasi lakini watoto wao (baghala au nyumbu) hawazai tena kwa kawaida.

Spishi

Equus africanus, Punda wa Afrika (African Wild Ass)^[1]^[2]
- Equus a. africanus, Punda Nubi (Nubian Wild Ass)
- †Equus a. atlanticus, Punda Kaskazi Atlas Wild Ass – imekwisha sasa
- Equus a. somalicus, Punda Somali Somali Wild Ass)
Equus asinus, Punda-kaya (Donkey)
Equus hemionus, Punda wa Asia (Onager au Asiatic Ass)
- Equus h. hemionus, Punda wa Mongolia (Mongolian Wild Ass, Khulan au Kulan)
- †Equus h. hemippus, Punda wa Syria (Syrian Wild Ass) – imekwisha sasa
- Equus h. khur, Punda wa Uhindi (Indian Wild Ass au Khur)
- Equus h. kulan, Punda wa Turkmenistan (Turkmenian Kulan)^[3]
- Equus h. onager, Punda wa Uajemi (Persian onager)
Equus kiang, Kiang' (Kiang)
- Equus k. chu, Kiang' Kaskazi (Northern Kiang)
- Equus k. holdereri, Kiang' Mashariki (Eastern Kiang)
- Equus k. kiang, Kiang' Magharibi (Western Kiang)
- Equus k. polyodon, Kiang' Kusi (Southern Kiang)

Spishi za kabla ya historia

†Equus calobatus, Punda Miguu-mirefu (Stilt-legged Onager)
†Equus cumminsii, Punda wa Cummin (Cummin’s Ass)
†Equus francisci au Equus tau, Punda Kibete (Pygmy Onager)
†Equus hydruntinus, Punda wa Ulaya (European Ass)
†Equus lambei, Punda wa Yukon (Yukon Wild Ass)

Picha

Punda Nubi
Punda Somali
Punda wa Mongolia
Punda wa Uhindi
Punda wa Turkmenistan
Punda wa Uajemi
Kiang' mashariki

Marejeo

↑ Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder, mhr. (2005). "Equus asinus". Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (tol. la 3rd). Johns Hopkins University Press. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2009-05-08. Iliwekwa mnamo 2014-10-24. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
↑ International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (2003). "Usage of 17 specific names based on wild species which are pre-dated by or contemporary with those based on domestic animals (Lepidoptera, Osteichthyes, Mammalia): conserved. Opinion 2027 (Case 3010)" (Summary). Bull.Zool.Nomencl. 60 (1): 81–84.
↑ "Factsheet Kulan at Large Herbivore Network". Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2012-02-08. Iliwekwa mnamo 2014-10-24. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

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[1] Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder, mhr. (2005). "Equus asinus". Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (tol. la 3rd). Johns Hopkins University Press. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2009-05-08. Iliwekwa mnamo 2014-10-24. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[Opinion2007-2] International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (2003). "Usage of 17 specific names based on wild species which are pre-dated by or contemporary with those based on domestic animals (Lepidoptera, Osteichthyes, Mammalia): conserved. Opinion 2027 (Case 3010)" (Summary). Bull.Zool.Nomencl. 60 (1): 81–84.

[3] "Factsheet Kulan at Large Herbivore Network". Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2012-02-08. Iliwekwa mnamo 2014-10-24. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

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