Mchungaji (kitabu)

Mchungaji (kwa Kigiriki: Ποιμὴν τοῦ Ἑρμᾶ, Poimēn tou Herma; kwa Kilatini: Pastor Hermae) ni jina la kitabu maarufu cha karne ya 1 BK kilichoandikwa na Herma, ndugu wa Papa Pius I, mjini Roma^[1].

Baadhi ya Mababu wa Kanisa, kama Ireneo, walidhani ni Neno la Mungu^[2]^[3] kwa jinsi kilivyoheshimiwa na Wakristo (hadi karne ya 4)^[4].

Kitabu kinaundwa na njozi tano, maagizo kumi na mawili na mifano kumi, kikihimiza toba kwa dhambi zinazoathiri Kanisa.

Lugha asili ni Kigiriki^[5], lakini iliwahi kutafsiriwa kwa Kilatini^[6] na lugha nyingine kadhaa^[7].

Tanbihi

↑
The Greek text is edited by Gebhardt and Harnack (Leipzig, 1877), by Funk (Tübingen, 1901), and, with its English translation, by Lightfoot, Apostolic Fathers, edited by Harmon (London, 1893); the Codex Sinaiticus of Hermas was edited by Lake (Oxford, 1911). The English translation by William Wake (Archbishop of Canterbury 1716–1737) is given in W. Hone and J. Jones's Apocryphal New Testament (London, 1820). An English translation is also in volume ii of the American edition of Ante-Nicene Fathers, edited by Roberts and Donaldson (Buffalo, 1886). In general, consult:
- Cruttwell, Literary History of Early Christianity, volume ii (London, 1893).
- Krüger, History of Early Christian Literature (New York, 1897).
- Harnack, Chronologie der altchristlichen Literatur, volume i (Leipzig, 1897).
- Taylor, The Shepherd of Hermas (New York, 1901).
↑ Davidson & Leaney, Biblical Criticism: p230
↑ Aland, Kurt; Barbara Aland (1995). The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism, trans. Erroll F. Rhodes. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. uk. 107. ISBN 978-0-8028-4098-1.
↑ "The Pastor of Hermas was one of the most popular books, if not the most popular book, in the Christian Church during the 2nd, 3rd and 4th centuries. It occupied a position analogous in some respects to Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress in modern times." (F. Crombie, translator of Schaff, op. cit.).
↑ J. B. Lightfoot, The Apostolic Fathers, Macmillan & Co., 1891, p. 160; Reprint ISBN|0-8010-5514-8
↑ Christian Tornau. (2014). Paolo Cecconi (ed.), The Shepherd of Hermas in Latin: Critical Edition of the Oldest Translation Vulgata. Berlin/Boston: Walter de Gruyter.
↑ Jonathan E. Soyars, The Shepherd of Hermas and the Pauline Legacy (Brill, 2019), pp. 9–10.

Marejeo

Carolyn Osiek, "Wealth and Poverty in the Shepherd of Hermas," Studia Patristica, Vol 17, Pt 2, 1982, 725–730.
Carolyn Osiek, "The Genre and Function of the Shepherd of Hermas," Semeia, 36, 1986, 113–121.
U. Neymeyr, Die christliche Lehrer im zweiten Jahrhundert. Ihre Lehrtätigkeit, ihr Selbsverständnis und ihre Geschichte (Leiden, 1989) (Vigiliae Christianae. Supplements, 4), 9–15.
Carolyn Osiek, "The Second Century through the Eyes of Hermas: Continuity and Change," Biblical Theology Bulletin, 20, 1990, 116–122.
D. P. O'Brien, "The Cumaean Sibyl as the Revelation-bearer in the Shepherd of Hermas," Journal of Early Christian Studies, 5, 1997, No. 4.
Carolyn Osiek, "The Shepherd of Hermas in Context," Acta Patristica et Byzantina, 8, 1997, 115–134.
Carolyn Osiek, "The Oral World of Early Christianity in Rome: The Case of Hermas.," in Karl P. Donfried and Peter Richardson (eds), Judaism and Christianity in First-Century Rome (Grand Rapids, 1998), 151–172.
Carolyn Osiek, Shepherd of Hermas: A Commentary (Minneapolis, 1999).
Jörg Rüpke, "Apokalyptische Salzberge: Zum sozialen Ort und zur literarischen Strategie des 'Hirten des Hermas'," Archiv für Religionsgeschichte, 1, 1999, 148–160.
Jörg Rüpke, "Der Hirte des Hermas: Plausibilisierungs- und Legitimierungs strategien im Übergang von Antike und Christentum," Zeitschrift für antikes Christentum, 7, 2003, 362–384.
Marco Frenschkowski, "Vision als Imagination. Beobachtungen zum differenzierten Wirklichkeitsanspruch fruehchristlicher Visionsliteratur," in Nicola Hoemke, Manuel Baumbach (hrsg), Fremde Wirklichkeiten: Literarische Phantastik und antike Literatur (Heidelberg, 2006) (Studien zur griechischen und lateinischen Poesie, 6), 339–366.
Joseph Verheyden, "The Shepherd of Hermas," in Paul Foster (ed), Writings of the Apostolic Fathers (London, 2007) (T & T Clark Biblical Studies).
Christian Tornau - Paolo Cecconi (Eds.), The Shepherd of Hermas in Latin. Critical Edition of the Oldest Translation Vulgata, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin/Boston 2014.

Viungo vya nje

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

Shepherd of Hermas

A large collection of English translations of The Shepherd of Hermas, including some in modern English.
Greek text of The Shepherd of Hermas
Archbishop Wake's English Translation of The Shepherd of Hermas
The Shepherd of Hermas (English Translation) Early Christian Writings
Shepherd of Hermas Critical Translation + Audio Dramatization Biblicalaudio
J.B. Lightfoot, introduction to The Shepherd of Hermas at the Wayback Machine (archived Aprili 1, 2008)
"Hermas". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1913.
Hermas' Shepherd on earlychurch.org.uk Bibliography and links to on-line articles.
Fragments of Hermas in Amherst Papyri

[1] The Greek text is edited by Gebhardt and Harnack (Leipzig, 1877), by Funk (Tübingen, 1901), and, with its English translation, by Lightfoot, Apostolic Fathers, edited by Harmon (London, 1893); the Codex Sinaiticus of Hermas was edited by Lake (Oxford, 1911). The English translation by William Wake (Archbishop of Canterbury 1716–1737) is given in W. Hone and J. Jones's Apocryphal New Testament (London, 1820). An English translation is also in volume ii of the American edition of Ante-Nicene Fathers, edited by Roberts and Donaldson (Buffalo, 1886). In general, consult:
Cruttwell, Literary History of Early Christianity, volume ii (London, 1893).

Krüger, History of Early Christian Literature (New York, 1897).

Harnack, Chronologie der altchristlichen Literatur, volume i (Leipzig, 1897).

Taylor, The Shepherd of Hermas (New York, 1901).

[2] Cruttwell, Literary History of Early Christianity, volume ii (London, 1893).

[3] Krüger, History of Early Christian Literature (New York, 1897).

[4] Harnack, Chronologie der altchristlichen Literatur, volume i (Leipzig, 1897).

[5] Taylor, The Shepherd of Hermas (New York, 1901).

[2] Davidson & Leaney, Biblical Criticism: p230

[3] Aland, Kurt; Barbara Aland (1995). The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism, trans. Erroll F. Rhodes. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. uk. 107. ISBN 978-0-8028-4098-1.

[4] "The Pastor of Hermas was one of the most popular books, if not the most popular book, in the Christian Church during the 2nd, 3rd and 4th centuries. It occupied a position analogous in some respects to Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress in modern times." (F. Crombie, translator of Schaff, op. cit.).

[5] J. B. Lightfoot, The Apostolic Fathers, Macmillan & Co., 1891, p. 160; Reprint ISBN|0-8010-5514-8

[6] Christian Tornau. (2014). Paolo Cecconi (ed.), The Shepherd of Hermas in Latin: Critical Edition of the Oldest Translation Vulgata. Berlin/Boston: Walter de Gruyter.

[7] Jonathan E. Soyars, The Shepherd of Hermas and the Pauline Legacy (Brill, 2019), pp. 9–10.

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