- Özel
- Genel
- Blankinship, Khalid Yahya (1994). The End of the Jihâd State: The Reign of Hishām ibn ʻAbd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads (İngilizce). Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-1827-7.
- Foss, Clive F.W. (1991). "The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium". Alexander Kazhdan (Ed.). The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium (İngilizce). Oxford ve New York: Oxford University Press. s. 48. ISBN 0-19-504652-8.
- Herrin, Judith (1977). "The Context of Iconoclast Reform". Bryer, Anthony; Herrin, Judith (Ed.). Iconoclasm. Papers given at the Ninth Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, University of Birmingham, March 1975. ss. 15-20. ISBN 0-7044-0226-2.
- Kaegi, Walter Emil (1982). Army, Society, and Religion in Byzantium. Londra: Variorum Reprints. ISBN 978-0-86078-110-3. 16 Eylül 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 28 Temmuz 2019.
- Lilie, Ralph-Johannes; Ludwig, Claudia; Pratsch, Thomas; Zielke, Beate (1999). "'Abdallāh al-Baṭṭāl (# 15)". Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit: 1. Abteilung (641–867), Band 1: Aaron (# 1) – Georgios (# 2182) (Almanca). Berlin ve Boston: De Gruyter. ss. 5–6. ISBN 978-3-11-015179-4.
- Morrisson, Cécile; Cheynet, Jean-Claude (2006). Le monde byzantin, Tome II: L'Empire byzantin, 641–1204 (Fransızca). Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. ISBN 978-2-13-052007-8. 25 Ocak 2018 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 28 Temmuz 2019.
- Turtledove, Harry (1982). The Chronicle of Theophanes: An English Translation of anni mundi 6095–6305 (A.D. 602–813). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-1128-3. 11 Ağustos 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 28 Temmuz 2019.
- Treadgold, Warren (1997). A History of the Byzantine State and Society (İngilizce). Stanford, Kaliforniya: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-2630-2.
