Role of Immune and Genotoxic Response Biomarkers in Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

Introduction

Biological biomarkers have been used in medical research as an indicator of a normal or abnormal process inside the body, or of a disease. Nowadays, various researchers are in process of exploring and investigating the biological markers for the early assessment of cancer. DNA Damage response (DDR) pathways and immune response are of great importance in clinical oncology. The immune system plays a critical role in oncogenesis and DDR pathways play a pivotal role in protecting cells against exogenous or endogenous DNA damage-induced factors. Tumor microenvironment possesses both innate and adaptive immune cells and their various levels are indicative of improved cancer survival. The immune checkpoint inhibitors have ignited great interest in therapeutically _targeting the immune system and tumor interactions along with DDR pathway checkpoints in cancer patients. Moreover, various cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents are in use to _target DDR pathways for cancer therapies. The current research topic highlights the new avenues, approaches, and discoveries in the field of clinical oncology, especially with respect to the exploration of various novel immune and DDR biomarkers, including new immune checkpoints in tumor microenvironments, mechanisms of regulation of different immune cells in the tumor immune microenvironments, the interaction of immune cells and DDR pathways, and mechanisms of overcoming tumor immune resistance.

Keywords

Immune response, tumor microenvironments, in-silico, chemotherapeutic agents, cancer biology, immunotherapy biomarkers

Sub-topics

• Generation of immune response in tumor microenvironments


• Exploration of DDR pathways to diagnose early cancer.


• Cytogenetic in-silico modeling to diagnose cancer at initial stages


• Effects of oxidation on cytogenetics in tumor formation


• Immunotherapy biomarkers in tumor microenvironments


• Novel treatment approaches to treat various tumors


• Cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents to treat various tumors


• In-silico screening and analysis of immunotherapy biomarkers