Picture of author.
622+ Works 21,394 Members 200 Reviews 59 Favorited

About the Author

Aeschylus was born at Eleusis of a noble family. He fought at the Battle of Marathon (490 b.c.), where a small Greek band heroically defeated the invading Persians. At the time of his death in Sicily, Athens was in its golden age. In all of his extant works, his intense love of Greece and Athens show more finds expression. Of the nearly 90 plays attributed to him, only 7 survive. These are The Persians (produced in 472 b.c.), Seven against Thebes (467 b.c.), The Oresteia (458 b.c.)---which includes Agamemnon, Libation Bearers, and Eumenides (or Furies) --- Suppliants (463 b.c.), and Prometheus Bound (c.460 b.c.). Six of the seven present mythological stories. The ornate language creates a mood of tragedy and reinforces the already stylized character of the Greek theater. Aeschylus called his prodigious output "dry scraps from Homer's banquet," because his plots and solemn language are derived from the epic poet. But a more accurate summation of Aeschylus would emphasize his grandeur of mind and spirit and the tragic dignity of his language. Because of his patriotism and belief in divine providence, there is a profound moral order to his plays. Characters such as Clytemnestra, Orestes, and Prometheus personify a great passion or principle. As individuals they conflict with divine will, but, ultimately, justice prevails. Aeschylus's introduction of the second actor made real theater possible, because the two could address each other and act several roles. His successors imitated his costumes, dances, spectacular effects, long descriptions, choral refrains, invocations, and dialogue. Swinburne's (see Vol. 1) enthusiasm for The Oresteia sums up all praises of Aeschylus; he called it simply "the greatest achievement of the human mind." Because of his great achievements, Aeschylus might be considered the "father of tragedy." (Bowker Author Biography) show less

Series

Works by Aeschylus

Prometheus Bound (0480) 1,296 copies, 19 reviews
Tragedies (0499) 1,052 copies, 12 reviews
Agamemnon (0458) — Author — 830 copies, 19 reviews
Britannica Great Books: Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, and Aristophanes (1955) — Contributor — 553 copies, 2 reviews
The Persians (0472) — Author — 459 copies, 5 reviews
The Seven Against Thebes (0467) 318 copies, 8 reviews
Choephoroe (1970) 175 copies, 3 reviews
The Suppliants (1975) — Author — 159 copies, 4 reviews
Five Great Greek Tragedies (Dover Thrift Editions) (2004) — Contributor — 85 copies, 1 review
The House of Atreus (0524) 43 copies, 1 review
Zincire Vurulmus Prometheus (2013) 29 copies
Eschyle - Sophocle : Tragiques grecs (1967) 28 copies, 1 review
Septem contra Thebas (1985) 21 copies, 1 review
Görög drámák (1975) 16 copies
Obras completas (2012) 16 copies
Tragedies (2024) 8 copies
Aeschylus Persae (1982) 8 copies
Aeschylus 8 copies
Tragödien und Fragmente (1980) — Author — 7 copies
Los persas (1996) 6 copies
Grčke tragedije (2004) 6 copies
Aeschyli Supplices (1992) 5 copies
Prometeo encadenado (2015) 5 copies
Greske dramaer (1975) 5 copies
Tragedias (1997) 5 copies
Prometeu Agrilhoado (2008) 4 copies
The Complete Aeschylus (2017) 4 copies
Teatro Grego 4 copies
Las Euménides (1999) 4 copies
The dramas of Aeschylus (2018) 4 copies
Sengrieķu traģēdijas — Author — 3 copies
Aeschylus Choephoroi (2015) 3 copies
Aiszkhülosz drámái (1985) 3 copies
Aeschylus 3 copies
Πέρσαι (1992) 3 copies
Teatro completo (1990) 3 copies
Tragedie (2005) 3 copies
Antikinės tragedijos (1988) 3 copies
Drammi satireschi (2004) 3 copies
Three other Theban plays (2016) 3 copies
Mourir pour Troie (2007) 3 copies
Tragedias 3 copies
De sju mot Thebe (0467) 3 copies
Tragedie 2 copies
Prometheus Bond 2 copies
Hamburger Lesehefte : Aischylos : Die Perser (1997) — Text — 2 copies
Promencha 2 copies
Los persas 2 copies
Prométhée enchaîné (1999) 2 copies
Antike Tragödien (2013) 2 copies
Traxedias (1999) 2 copies
Las suplicantes (Spanish Edition) (2012) 2 copies, 1 review
SIETE TRAGEDIAS, LAS (2013) 2 copies
Sämtliche Tragödien (1984) 2 copies
Aischylos: Tragödien (1957) 2 copies
Coéforas 2 copies
Görög drámák (1991) 2 copies
Fyra sorgespel 2 copies
Prometeusz skowany (2002) 2 copies
Aeschylus Complete Plays (1978) 2 copies
Greek Drama (1982) 2 copies
Prometheus Bound (2017) 2 copies
Four Tragedies 2 copies
Eschyle. Tome 2 2 copies
Elektra 2 copies
Prometeo incatenato (1994) 2 copies
Classic Greek drama (1996) 2 copies
De Perzen 1 copy
Les Danas 1 copy
Théâtre d'Eschyle (1956) 1 copy
Théatre complet (1964) 1 copy
Les Euménides (2014) 1 copy
Promethée enchaîné (1939) 1 copy
Electra 1 copy
Trageodiae. 1 copy
Gravoffret 1 copy
Perzen 1 copy
Eumeniderna 1 copy
Perserna 1 copy
Os Persas 1 copy
The Persians 1 copy
Eumenides 1 copy, 1 review
The Libation-Bearers (2013) 1 copy, 1 review
آگاممنون 1 copy, 1 review
Prometeo Encadenado 1 copy, 1 review
Persae of Aeschylus 1 copy, 1 review
Le tragedie (1989) 1 copy
The Persae 1 copy
COEFERE 1 copy
The Serpent Son - Oresteia — Author — 1 copy
Tragedie. I e II volume 1 copy, 1 review
Coéforas 1 copy
Les perses 1 copy
TRAGEDIES 1 copy
Tragedias griegas (1983) 1 copy
Tragedie 1 copy
Das Totenopfer, (1944) 1 copy
Smeekelingen 1 copy
Eumenieden 1 copy
Agememnon; (2010) 1 copy
Perser 1 copy
The Plays 1 copy
Prometeo Ligita (1982) 1 copy
Les Perses 1 copy
The Oresteia: Volume 1 (2013) 1 copy
Πέρσαι 1 copy
Περσαι 1 copy
ΠΕΡΣΑΙ 1 copy
Aischylos 1 copy
Antike Tragödien (1992) 1 copy
Трагедии (2001) 1 copy
Els Perses (2013) 1 copy
Tragèdies VOLS. I-II-III (1932) 1 copy, 1 review
The Libation Bearers (2017) 1 copy
Tragédies. 1 copy
Agamemnon & Medea — Author — 1 copy
Antígone 1 copy
Os Persas 1 copy
As coéforas 1 copy

Associated Works

Greek Tragedies, Volume 1 (1960) — Contributor — 1,488 copies, 2 reviews
Electra [in translation] (1989) — Auteur, some editions — 718 copies, 11 reviews
Greek tragedies, Volume 3 (1960) — Contributor — 661 copies, 1 review
The Best Loved Poems of Jacqueline Kennedy-Onassis (2001) — Contributor — 570 copies, 11 reviews
Greek tragedies, Volume 2 (1960) — Contributor — 507 copies, 2 reviews
Greek Drama (Bantam Classics) (0405) — Contributor — 501 copies, 1 review
World Poetry: An Anthology of Verse from Antiquity to Our Time (1998) — Contributor — 469 copies, 1 review
Seven Famous Greek Plays (1938) — Contributor — 451 copies, 2 reviews
The Portable Greek Reader (1948) — Contributor, some editions — 413 copies
Eight Great Tragedies (1957) — Contributor — 399 copies, 2 reviews
Ten Greek Plays in Contemporary Translations (1957) — Contributor — 319 copies, 1 review
The Complete Greek tragedies (1992) — Contributor — 215 copies, 1 review
Masterpieces of the Drama (1974) — Contributor — 181 copies, 2 reviews
Three Greek Plays: Prometheus Bound / Agamemnon / The Trojan Women (1958) — some editions — 144 copies, 1 review
An Anthology of Greek Drama: First Series (1949) — Author — 137 copies, 2 reviews
Four Greek Plays (1960) — Contributor — 80 copies, 1 review
Four Famous Greek Plays (1971) — Contributor — 78 copies, 1 review
Treasury of the Theatre: From Aeschylus to Ostrovsky (1967) — Contributor — 49 copies
An Anthology of Greek Drama: Second Series (1954) — Author — 48 copies
Nine Great Plays: From Aeschylus to Eliot (Revised Edition) (1956) — Contributor; Contributor — 27 copies
East and Other Plays (Playscripts) (1977) — Adapted from, some editions — 16 copies
Drama (Outline of Knowledge, Vol. XVII) (2007) — Contributor — 12 copies
Agamenon / Hippolytus / Oedipus the King (1960) — Contributor — 8 copies
Drie Griekse tragedies (1961) — Contributor — 6 copies
Grieksche lyriek in Nederlandsche verzen — Contributor — 3 copies

Tagged

(428) Aeschylus (470) Agamemnon (100) ancient (258) Ancient Greece (484) Ancient Greek (189) Ancient Greek Literature (151) ancient literature (152) anthology (296) antiquity (165) classic (315) classical (180) classical literature (231) classical studies (87) classics (1,530) drama (2,700) Euripides (84) fiction (793) Greece (595) Greek (1,241) Greek drama (309) Greek literature (682) Greek mythology (132) Greek tragedy (307) history (125) literature (849) non-fiction (81) own (69) Penguin Classics (98) philosophy (78) play (485) plays (1,066) poetry (576) read (170) Sophocles (102) theatre (750) to-read (585) tragedy (802) translation (296) unread (84)

Common Knowledge

Legal name
Αἰσχύλος
Other names
Esquilo
Birthdate
c. 525 BCE
Date of death
c. 456 BCE
Burial location
Gela, Sicily
Gender
male
Nationality
Greece
Birthplace
Eleusis, Attica, Greece
Place of death
Gela, Sicily
Cause of death
Hit in head with shellfish dropped by a passing eagle
Places of residence
Athens, Greece
Eleusis, Greece
Syracuse, Sicily
Gela, Sicily
Occupations
tragedian
soldier
Awards and honors
13 victories at the Athens Dionysia
Short biography
Aeschylus was an ancient Greek playwright. He is credited with an estimated 92 plays, though only seven have survived into modern times. He is known to have fought at the Battle of Marathon (490 BCE), which influenced his Persians (the only surviving Greek tragedy based on contemporary events) and probably at the Battle of Salamis (480).
Born at Eleusis in 525 BCE, he started producing tragedies at Athens in 499, and had his first victory in 484. He visited Sicily at least twice, and died there at Gela in 456.

Members

Discussions

Prometheus Bound/Unbound-LEC or Heritage in George Macy devotees (November 2023)

Reviews

Only read Agamemnon. The ending turned violent and gruesome. Was not expecting that.
 
Flagged
GRLopez | 76 other reviews | Jan 8, 2025 |
My second Aeschylus book, this one containing all of his remaining surviving works. Sadly, those which were part of trilogies are now orphaned, so like A Song of Ice and Fire and The Kingkiller Chronicles, we'll probably never get to experience the works in their completeness. I joke, but it does drive home just how much of human literature we have lost - how what survives is only a small fraction of what once existed.

This book was considerably slimmer, thanks to the comparatively brief 15-page introduction, although Philip Vellacot is still the editor/translator. Looks like this may have been the earlier publication, so maybe he just hadn't worked up all that steam yet?

As to the plays, I liked Prometheus Bound, it had a similar intensity of emotion to the Orestia. The Supplicants I felt was the weakest. I felt the chorus of women was very effective in Seven Against Thebes, their mounting terror at the sounds of the besieging army really hightened the tension and the perspective - that of the helpless women who cannot act to defend their city, but must trust that they will be saved and can only fear what will happen if their menfolk fail - provides a different angle from the standard point of view of the brave defending warrior or war-leader, which even today I feel is too often the only focus of war stories. I did agree the conclusion dragged on, and apparently this part might be a post-Aeschylus add-on. I did quite like the idea of the divided chorus exiting in different directions though.

The Persians was simple propaganda. Here we lose the complex motivations and perspectives that I praised in Aeschylus's other works - although we take the "perspective" of the defeated Persians, the whole play is them lamenting how much they suck and talking about how awesome the Greeks are. The conclusion to this one reeeeally dragged. Yes yes, tears and beating your breasts, I get it. For Athenians of the time, however, this would have been more meaningful - a celebration of their victory.

And with that, I have finished all of Aeshylus's surviving works, probably about 10% of what he actually wrote. Pretty impressed overall, let's see what future playwrights do with the material.
… (more)
 
Flagged
weemanda | 13 other reviews | Dec 1, 2024 |
In addition to lively, clear translations of this trilogy, Roche includes appendices in which he describes his intention in translating, the ironic depiction of Clytemnestra, how the theology of Aeschylus in the three plays reflects evolving Greek understanding of God, and an informative overview of the theater in ancient Greece. I often referred to the glossary since I have a hard time keeping the Greek pantheon and heroes straight. (less) [edit]
1 vote
Flagged
HenrySt123 | 76 other reviews | Nov 28, 2024 |
My edition had a 100 page introduction that was frankly a chore to get through. I feel bad because clearly Phillip Vellacott (the editor) was extremely passionate about the trilogy, but that was so much introduction.

The Orestia seeks to answer that time-honoured question: If your mum kills your dad, are you morally obligated to kill your mum?

In all seriousness, Orestes is in a no-win situation. He is honour-bound to avenge his father, but will be cursed forever if he kills his mother.

Aeschylus's answer to this is to illustrate the transition from an eternal vengeance-fuelled cycle of violence to a civilised justice system. At least one person I spoke to considered this a "cop-out" but I quite like it. It give the cycle a greater meaning and raises a mirror to our own ideas of justice and retribution.

My only prior experience with Aeschylus had been my study of Aristophanes' The Frogs in high school, in which Aeschylus is portrayed as an old-fashioned fuddy-duddy whose works nevertheless come out more worthy than later, more cynical playwrights.

I was surprised at the sophistication of the writing - all the characters have their own motives and perspectives. Although Clytaemnestra is portrayed as a villain, you can easily see how she ended up where she did.

Cassandra was my favourite character, perhaps because she was the only person involved who hadn't done anything wrong (unless you count offending Apollo!).

There are also very sophisticated layers of symbolism and intense, evocative imagery. I enjoyed the ominous imagery of the furies gathering on the roof, signifying the feminine fury soon to fill the house.

Here's some excerpts I particularly liked, this one because it's low key kinda hot:

Oh but a man's high daring spirit,
who can account for that? Or woman's
desperate passion daring past all bounds?
She couples with every form of ruin known to mortals.
Woman, frenzied, driven wild with lust,
twists the dark, warm harness
of wedded love - tortures man and beast!


An this one because I read it just as the 2024 US persedential election concluded:

But ancient Violence longs to breed,
new violence comes
when its fatal hour comes, the demon comes
to take her toll - no war, no force no prayer
can hinder the midnight Fury stamped
with parent Fury moving through the house.

But justice shines in sooty hovels,
loves the decent life.
From proud halls crusted with gilt by filthy hands
she turns her eyes to find the pure in spirit -
spurning the wealth stamped counterfeit with praise,
she steers all things towards their destined end.


Aristophanes concluded that it was Aeschylus Athens needed as its defeat loomed on the horizon. Perhaps it is Aeschylus we also need now, to remind us how we must suffer through violence and disaster and into true justice.
… (more)
 
Flagged
weemanda | 76 other reviews | Nov 17, 2024 |

Lists

Awards

You May Also Like

Associated Authors

David Grene Editor, Translator
Richmond Lattimore Editor, Translator
Euripides Contributor, Author
Sófocles Contributor, Author
Aristophanes Contributor
Anne Carson Translator
Sofokles Author
Eiripīds Author
George Murray Translator
P.C. Boutens Translator
David R. Slavitt Translator, Editor
Gilbert Murray Translator, Editor
J. S. Blackie Translator
Augusts Ģiezens Translator
Henriks Novackis Translator
Philip Vellacott Translator
Robert Lowell Translator
Paul Roche Translator
Rex Warner Translator
Frederic Raphael Translator
Emil Zilliacus Translator
Philip Vallacott Translator
Richard Eichman Frontispiece
Carles Cardó Translator
Enrico Medda Translator
Sylvia Allman Illustrator
Savino Ezio Translator
Ernst Stern Illustrator
Luigi Battezzato Translator
Dario Del Corno Introduction
Michael Aryton Illustrator
Leone Traverso Translator
Otto Steen Due Translator
Herman Altena Translator
Domenico Ricci Translator
Peter Østbye Translator
Ruth Padel Introduction
Don Bolognese Illustrator
Dietrich Ebener Translator
H. A. Shapiro Translator
Elaine Raphael Illustrator
Umberto Albini Introduction
Bo Foxworth Narrator
Peter Brandes Illustrator
Adrian Wilson Designer
Peter Burian Translator
Ted Hughes Translator
Wendy Doniger Translator
Helene P. Foley Introduction
Richard Seaford Introduction
Wendy Doniger Translator
Peter Levi Introduction
Laurence Preece Illustrator
Douglas Young Translator
Richard Stoneman Consultant Editor
Linda Purl Narrator
Elina Vaara Translator
Erik Vos Translator
Piet Gerbrandy Afterword
Jan Stolpe Translator
William Matthews Translator
Stephen Sandy Translator
S.H. de Roos Designer, Typographer
G. Italie Editor
A. W. Verrall Editor, Translator
Émile Chambry Traduction
Carles Miralles Introduction
Lewis Campbell Translator
Denys Page Editor
Denys Page Editor
E. H. Plumptre Translator
Walter Jens Afterword
C. W. Greene Translator
G. R. Barker Translator
G. F. Helm Translator
A. F. Gardiner Translator
Louis MacNiece Translator
Robert Browning Translator
R FAGLES Translator
F. H. Nash Translator
A. J. F. Hood Translator
Z. N. Brooke Translator
G. K. Leach Translator
A. A. L. Parsons Translator
W.S. Milne Translator
J. C. Higgins Translator
N. B Dearle Translator
Peter D. Arnott Ed. And Tr.
Ieva Krūmiņa Illustrator
Evert Straat Translator
Curt Woyte Translator
Walther Kraus Translator
T. G. Tucker Translator
Hugh Lloyd-Jones Contributor
Quentin Fiore Illustrator
J. Tapperwijn Cover designer
Anneke Germers Cover designer
Francis Giffard Translator
Emil Staiger Translator
Hjalmar Gullberg Translator
Kenneth McLeish Translator
F. D. Allen Translator

Statistics

Works
622
Also by
35
Members
21,394
Popularity
#1,013
Rating
3.9
Reviews
200
ISBNs
983
Languages
31
Favorited
59

Charts & Graphs