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Two interpretations are put forward in this book. The first says there is a permanent & normative creation order that establishes the headship of men over women, or that gives men the lead responsibility in church ministries. It argues that this creation order was instituted by God at creation. It finds confirmation in the rest of the Old Testament in the patriarchal structure of the family & community life in Israel & by the restriction of the priesthood to men. According to this interpretation, redemption of Christ does not reverse creation order. The second interpretation asserts the equality & complementarity of men & women, & the full gifting of women for church ministry. This interpretation is based on four Biblical teachings. First, man & woman are equal & different. The differentness is viewed as complementary. Secondly, the teaching & practice of Christ underscores the equality of men & women. Thirdly, salvation & baptism wipe out the sexual differences that divide & alienate non-Christian people & societies. The fourth Biblical teaching emphasizes the importance of gifting the Spirit for the ministry of men & women.