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Most mental health disorders arise in adolescence – yet research on youth mental health has been fragmented and underfunded. This collection of reviews published across the Nature Portfolio, BMC and Springer journals takes a step towards benchmarking the state of knowledge on interventions for preventing and treating anxiety and depression in young people aged 14-24. The reviews take a number of different approaches to evidence synthesis – scoping, systematic, meta-analytic, realist, narrative – but each review focuses on a different ‘active ingredient’ that has been hypothesized to underpin the effectiveness of existing youth mental health interventions. The ‘active ingredients’ approach is at the core of the strategy of the Wellcome Trust’s Mental Health Challenge Area, which commissioned and funded the reviews (decisions on each manuscript were made independently, by the editorial teams at each participating journal). Taken together, the reviews lay the foundation for future research on more _targeted, personalized interventions for preventing youth anxiety and depression.
The COVID-19 pandemic, a UNICEF report and a review of the latest research all highlight the urgent need for better prevention and treatment of youth anxiety and depression.
At Wellcome we are committed to finding the next generation of approaches for youth anxiety and depression. Since 2020 we have been learning what works, for whom, and why, by commissioning reviews into the ‘active ingredients’ of successful interventions. Here we share four key calls to action that we hope the mental health science community can take forward.
The COVID-19 pandemic presents opportunities for transformative actions towards improving children’s and young people’s mental health, argues Archana Basu.
This rapid realist review of universal interventions to promote inclusivity and acceptance of diverse sexual and gender identities in schools finds that interventions appear to work best when school staff are trained and the school climate is supportive. Interventions may be less effective for boys, gender minority students and bisexual students.
In this meta-analysis of 90 randomized controlled trials of youth psychological treatment, Daros et al. show that a reduction in depression and anxiety symptoms is associated with improvements in emotional regulation skills.