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Review
. 2019 Nov 19;5(4):53.
doi: 10.3390/ncrna5040053.

MiR-205 Dysregulations in Breast Cancer: The Complexity and Opportunities

Yajuan Xiao  1   2 , Brock Humphries  3 , Chengfeng Yang  1 , Zhishan Wang  1
Affiliations
Review

MiR-205 Dysregulations in Breast Cancer: The Complexity and Opportunities

Yajuan Xiao et al. Noncoding RNA. .

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding small RNAs that downregulate _target gene expression by imperfect base-pairing with the 3' untranslated regions (3'UTRs) of _target gene mRNAs. MiRNAs play important roles in regulating cancer cell proliferation, stemness maintenance, tumorigenesis, cancer metastasis, and cancer therapeutic resistance. While studies have shown that dysregulation of miRNA-205-5p (miR-205) expression is controversial in different types of human cancers, it is generally observed that miR-205-5p expression level is downregulated in breast cancer and that miR-205-5p exhibits a tumor suppressive function in breast cancer. This review focuses on the role of miR-205-5p dysregulation in different subtypes of breast cancer, with discussions on the effects of miR-205-5p on breast cancer cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastasis, stemness and therapy-resistance, as well as genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that regulate miR-205-5p expression in breast cancer. In addition, the potential diagnostic and therapeutic value of miR-205-5p in breast cancer is also discussed. A comprehensive list of validated miR-205-5p direct _targets is presented. It is concluded that miR-205-5p is an important tumor suppressive miRNA capable of inhibiting the growth and metastasis of human breast cancer, especially triple negative breast cancer. MiR-205-5p might be both a potential diagnostic biomarker and a therapeutic _target for metastatic breast cancer.

Keywords: Her2+ breast cancer; breast cancer; luminal A/B breast cancer; metastatic breast cancer; miR-205-5p (miR-205); triple negative breast cancer.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The miR-205 location on chromosome and sequence. MiR-205 locates on human chromosome 1q32.2. The seed sequences of miR-205-5p and miR-205-3p are underlined. The miR-205 discussed in this review refers to miR-205-5p.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The distinct roles of miR-205-5p in different types of cancers. Red arrows represent the facilitating effects of miR-205-5p and blue arrows represent the suppressive effects of miR-205-5p. The graph shows opposite roles of miR-205-5p in tumor proliferation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and metastasis among different types of cancers. MiR-205-5p exerts promoting effects in cancers listed in red boxes and exerts suppressive effects in cancers listed in blue boxes.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Differential expression levels of miR-205 among breast cancer subtypes. The expression of miR-205-5p is lower in HER2+ than luminal A/B, and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the lowest miR-205-5p level compared with the other subtypes. Decreasing miR-205-5p expression level is associated with enhanced metastatic capability and worsening of patient survival.
Figure 4
Figure 4
A summary of miR-205-5p expression regulation and direct _targets of miR-205-5p and their biological effects. Overexpression of ERBB2 promotes methylation of the miR-205-5p promoter via the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway which upregulates DNMTs, which finally results in miR-205-5p downregulation. TP53 and HES also inhibit miR-205-5p expression. MiR-205-5p _targets different genes directly to regulate cell proliferation, tumor metastasis, stemness, and therapeutic resistance.
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