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Mesenchymal stem cells in health and disease

The _targets and mechanisms of M SC-mediated immunomodulation and the possible translation of MSCs to new therapeutic approaches are discussed.
Nature (opens in a new tab)

Activating receptors and coreceptors involved in human natural killer cell-mediated cytolysis.

The discovery of MHC-specific inhibitory receptors in mouse and in human clarified the molecular basis of this important NK cell function, and some of these receptors have now been identified in humans, thus shedding some light on the molecular mechanisms involved in NK cell activation during the process of natural cytotoxicity.
PubMed (opens in a new tab)

Identification and Molecular Characterization of Nkp30, a Novel Triggering Receptor Involved in Natural Cytotoxicity Mediated by Human Natural Killer Cells

NKp30 is identified, a novel 30-kD triggering receptor selectively expressed by all resting and activated human natural killer (NK) cells, and is associated with CD3ζ chains that become tyrosine phosphorylated upon sodium pervanadate treatment of NK cells.
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Identification of PVR (CD155) and Nectin-2 (CD112) as Cell Surface Ligands for the Human DNAM-1 (CD226) Activating Molecule

The surface expression of PVR or Nectin-2 in cell transfectants resulted in DNAM-1–dependent enhancement of NK-mediated lysis of these _target cells, and this lysis was inhibited or even virtually abrogated upon mAb-mediated masking of DNam-1 (on NK cells) or PVR and NectIn-2 ligands (on celltransfectants).
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Mesenchymal stem cell-natural killer cell interactions: evidence that activated NK cells are capable of killing MSCs, whereas MSCs can inhibit IL-2-induced NK-cell proliferation.

It is shown that MSCs sharply inhibit IL-2-induced proliferation of resting NK cells, whereas they only partially affect the proliferation of activated NK cells.
PubMed (opens in a new tab)

Human Dendritic Cells Activate Resting Natural Killer (NK) Cells and Are Recognized via the NKp30 Receptor by Activated NK Cells

It is suggested that DCs are able to control directly the expansion of NK cells and that the lysis of immature DCs can regulate the afferent limb of innate and adaptive immunity.
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NKp44, a Novel Triggering Surface Molecule Specifically Expressed by Activated Natural Killer Cells, Is Involved in Non–Major Histocompatibility Complex–restricted Tumor Cell Lysis

It is shown that p46 and NKp44 are coupled to the intracytoplasmic transduction machinery via the association with CD3ζ or KARAP/DAP12, respectively; these associated molecules are tyrosine phosphorylated upon NK cell stimulation.
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NKp44, A Triggering Receptor Involved in Tumor Cell Lysis by Activated Human Natural Killer Cells, Is a Novel Member of the Immunoglobulin Superfamily

Analysis of the cloned cDNA indicated that NKp44 is a novel transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the Immunoglobulin superfamily characterized by a single extracellular V-type domain, and charged amino acid lysine in the trans Membrane region may be involved in the association ofNKp44 with the signal transducing molecule killer activating receptor–associated polypeptide (KARAP)/DAP12.
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Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies.

It is rare to find an immunological paper or read a conference abstract in which the authors did not use flow cytometry as the main tool to dissect the immune system and identify its fine and complex functions, and recent developments have created the sophisticated technology of mass cytometry.
PubMed (opens in a new tab)

Distinct roles of IL-12 and IL-15 in human natural killer cell activation by dendritic cells from secondary lymphoid organs.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are known to induce the growth and function of natural killer (NK) cells. Here, we address the capacity of DCs to interact with NK cells in human lymphoid organs and identify…
PubMed (opens in a new tab)
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