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Mesenchymal stem cells in health and disease

The _targets and mechanisms of M SC-mediated immunomodulation and the possible translation of MSCs to new therapeutic approaches are discussed.
Nature (opens in a new tab)

Human mesenchymal stem cells modulate B-cell functions.

The results further support the potential therapeutic use of hMSCs in immune-mediated disorders, including those in which B cells play a major role.
PubMed (opens in a new tab)

Recapitulation of B cell differentiation in the central nervous system of patients with multiple sclerosis.

This study suggests that a compartmentalized B cell response occurs within the CNS during an ongoing inflammatory reaction, through a recapitulation of all stages of B cell differentiation observed in secondary lymphoid organs.
PubMed (opens in a new tab)

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Inhibit Neutrophil Apoptosis: A Model for Neutrophil Preservation in the Bone Marrow Niche

In the bone marrow niche, MSC likely protect neutrophils of the storage pool from apoptosis, preserving their effector functions and preventing the excessive or inappropriate activation of the oxidative metabolism, and a novel mechanism whereby the inflammatory potential of activated neutrophil is harnessed by inhibition of apoptosis and reactive oxygen species production without impairing phagocytosis and chemotaxis has been identified.
Wiley (opens in a new tab)

Fasting Cycles Retard Growth of Tumors and Sensitize a Range of Cancer Cell Types to Chemotherapy

It is suggested that multiple cycles of fasting promote differential stress sensitization in a wide range of tumors and could potentially replace or augment the efficacy of certain chemotherapy drugs in the treatment of various cancers.
AAAS (opens in a new tab)

Expression of P2X7 receptor increases in vivo tumor growth.

It is found that P2X7 exhibits significant growth-promoting effects in vivo, and immunohistochemistry revealed strong P2x7 positivity in several human cancers.
PDF (opens in a new tab)

Immunoregulatory function of mesenchymal stem cells

It is likely that MSC effects on the immune system may be deeply influenced not only by cell‐to‐cell interactions, but also by environmental factors shaping their phenotype and functions.
Wiley (opens in a new tab)

Increased Level of Extracellular ATP at Tumor Sites: In Vivo Imaging with Plasma Membrane Luciferase

The results show that ATP in the tumour interstitium is in the hundrends micromolar range, while it is basically undetectable in healthy tissues, so this approach offers a new tool for the investigation of the biochemical composition of tumour milieu and for development of novel therapies based on the modulation of extracellular purine-based signalling.
PDF (opens in a new tab)

TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma are overexpressed in the bone marrow of Fanconi anemia patients and TNF-alpha suppresses erythropoiesis in vitro.

This study evaluated in marrow mononuclear cells of patients with FA the expression of negative modulators of the hematopoiesis, such as TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha (MIP-1alpha), and surface Fas ligand, and the role of T NF-alpha on FA erythropoiedis in vitro.
PubMed (opens in a new tab)

Mutation-independent anaplastic lymphoma kinase overexpression in poor prognosis neuroblastoma patients.

Interestingly, protein levels did not always correlate with ALK genetic alterations and/or mRNA abundance, however, wild-type ALK receptor requires a critical threshold of expression to achieve oncogenic activation.
PubMed (opens in a new tab)
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