I-Afrika
I-Afrika lilizwekazi iilizwekazi phakathi kwamanye amazwekazi asixhenxe emhlabeni. Ubukhulubalo limalunga nesiqingatha sesihlanu emhlabeni wonke uphela. lijikelelzwe ngeziphaluka ezinkulu zamanz'olwandle. Angama-54 amazwe waziwa ngokupheleleyo, nazimeleyo e-Afrika, kwaye abantu abaphila kweli lizwekazi bangali-14.7% (i-1.216 lezigidigidi) . Kucingwa ukuba le nto ingumntu yaqala ukuvela kweli lizwekazi laseAfrika.
Imbali
tshintsha
Imbali yase-Afrika yaaqala ukungena kwempucuko okokuqala kwisidalwa esingumntu yaaqhuba ke de kwayile meko imanyumnyezi sintympa-ntyumpeka kuyo kungoku nje ngelizwekazi eliyalingena nzulu kwezopolitiiko.
Ixesha elingembali ye-Afrika kudala-dala liquka ukuqandusela kwempucuko eJiphethe, ukwanda kwempucuko kwiindawo zasekuhlaleni ezingaphandle komlambo i- Nile River Valley kwanentsebenziswano eyayiphakathi wabo nempucuko eyayingaphandle kwemida yase-Afrika. Kwathi xa umnyaka wenkulungwane yesi-7 usiya ngasekupheleni, iNtshona, neMpuma ye-Afrika zonganyelwa lifuthe lobusilamsi elalisasazeke kuzo zombini ezi ziphaluka. Loo nto yangunozala wemeko yokokuba kubonakale ngathi kukho amasiko amatsha athe gqi qhaphu, anje ngala siwabonayo namhlanje angawa Sbantu besiSwahili. Oku kwabakwangunozala wokwanda kokuthengiswa kwamakhoboka, nokwaba nefuthe elibi ngokumangalisayo ekudodobaleni kwenkqubela kuphuhliso lweli lizwekazi liphela de kwangumnyaka wenkulungwane ye-19.
Ubukhoboka
tshintshaUbukhoboka ngumkhuba obusoloko usenziwa e-Afrika. Phakathi kweminyaka yenkulungwane yesixhenxe namashumi amabini, Ushishino ngamakhoboka olwalusenziwa ngama-Arabhu lwathatha izigidi ezili-18 zabantu e-Afrika, lwabenza amakhoboka, ama-aRabhu ayebathatha ke aba bantu e-Afrika baqumle ngomzila ogqitha eSaharan uyekunqumla ngolwandle lwase-Indiya. .
Kwiminyaka yenkulungwane ephakathi kweshumi elinesihlanu neshumi elinethoba (ama-500 yeminyaka), kushishino ngamakhoboka lwase-Atlantika kuqikelelwa okokuba kwaathathwa abantu ababemalunga nezigidi ezisi-7–12 bayakwenziwa amakhoboka kwiHlabathi eliTsha.
Kwiminyaka yenkulungwane ephakathi kwe- 1808 ne-1860, Umkhosi waseBritane waanqakula iinqanawa zamakhoboka ezazimalunga ne-1,600 waza wemka nama-150,000 amaAfrika wayelapho.
Ubukoloni
tshintshaKwathi xa umnyaka wenkulungwane yeshumi elithoba usiya ngasesipehlweni, umkhosi waseYurophu wahlala kumhlaba omnzinzi weli lizwekazi, nalo lonke ke elo xesha uguqula imimandla emininzi yeli lizwekazi uyifaka ingqondo yobukoloni. waza wakhuthaza okokuba ezinye iindawo zibe ziindawo ezixomekekileyo nezingazimelanga ngokokwazo. Washiya oorhulumente ababini kuphela, ababangoorhulumente abazimele geqe. Kwaba yiTopiya (eyaziwa ngamaYurophu njenge"Abyssinia"), neLiberia.
IJiphethe neSudan wazizange zona zibekwe phantsi kobukumkani bobukoloni baseYurophu. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokuba iBritane ithe yayakuhlala kweli lizwekazi ngo-1882, iJiphethe yabaphantsi kolawulo lwaseBritane ngokupheleleyo de kwango-1922.
Imbali yangoku
tshintshaIintshukumo zokuzimela geqe kweAfrika zaphumelela okokuqala ngo-1951, xa iLibya yaba lilizwe lokuqala ukukhululeka njengelizwe elaliphantsi kwengcinezelo yobukoloni, latsho laba lilizwe elizimeleyo. Imbali emalunga ne-Afrika ibisoloko izele zizivunguvungu zovukelo mbuso neemfazwe, kwabe kwelinye icala kukhula impucuko kuqoqosho lwase-Afrika, kukhula noburhulumente bentando yesininzi kwiafrika yonke iphela.
Imfazwe yobukhaya kwilizwe eliyi-Democratic Republic of the Congo (neyayisayakubizwa nge-Zaire) yaaqala ngo-1998. Abamelwane bamazwe ase-Afrika aazibandakanya nawo. Okoko kwathi kwaqala olu ngquzulwano, zizigidi ezi-5,5 eziqikelelwa okokuba zafa ngenxa yalo.
Unxulumano ngezopolitiko olufana nomanyano lwe-afrika (i-African Union) yanika ithemba ngentsebenziswano noxolo olumandla phakathi kwamazwe amaninzi eli lizwekazi.
Imozulu
tshintsha
Ukusukela emntla ukuya emzantsi, i-Afrika ineentlobo-ntlobo zemozulu. Zibekwe ngokulandelelana kwazo ukusuka emantla:
- Imozulu ye-Alpine neye-mediterranean
- Intlango eyomileyo nenentlabathi
- I-Savanna ethande ukoma (umhlaba wengca)
- Imvula yamahlathi
- Umhlaba unexhaxhe ngemgca
- Intlango eyome kakhulu
- Intab'etafile
Ukusuka kumntla-mpuma ukuya kumzantsi kukho umhlaba omkhulu onomlambo oseMpuma ye-Afrika. lo mhlaba uneentaba, uneziganeko zodubulo-mhlaba, iindonga, ezinzulu, kunye nemihlaba eyondeleleneyo, imilambo neengxangxasi zamanzi.
Singatsho nje ngokupheleleyo okokuba i-Afrika inemizekelo yeentlobo-ntlobo zemozulu.
Ukuna kwemvula
tshintsha
Ubukhulu becala umntla Afrika wome kakhulu kwaye unobushushu obuphezulu. Wonganyelwe yintlango yaseSahar kwaye awufumani mvula ingakanani. KwiSahara- -Africa imbalwa imilambo kwakunye neminye imithombo yamanzi. Amanzi afunyanwa phantsi komhlaba afana namanzi omthombo abaluleke kakhulu entlango. Le nto ke yenza ukuba kubekho indawo enohlaza (izityalo ezimila apho) eyintlango. Loo ndawo ke ibizwa ngokuba yi-oasis ngesilungu.
Kwesa siphaluka sehlabathi umoya ovuthuzayo uvela empuma ubukhulu becala. Oko ke kuzisa imvula, kodwa ke i-Himalayas kunye ne-Tibetan Plateau zivalela imvula eyi-monsoon kwaye zithintela ukuba ingakwazi ukungena kwiNtshona yaseAfrika. Kananjalo, iintaba ze-Atlas kufuphi nonxweme olusemantla e-Afrika zinqanda imvula ukuba ingangeni kumntla. Esi sesinye isithunzi semvula.
Owona msebenzi wezi zithunzi zemvula zimbini kukujongana nentlango yaseSahara.
Iimeko zobeme bezulu kunye neenkqwithelo ziya zisahluka ngokuya zihambela zisiya emzantsi, apho kukho uthotho ne-equator. I-equator ihamba inqumle umbindi we-afrika (Jonga umgca obomvu okrwelwe kwimephu). Ok kuthetha okokuba ubukhulu becala be-Afrika buphakathi kweezi tropica zimbini:
- I-Tropic yeCancer
- I-Tropic yeCapricorn
Izityalo nezilwanyana
tshintsha
I-Africa inezilwanyana zasendle ezininzi. Zininzi iintlobo-ntlobo zezilwanyana apha. Kungoku nje likukuphela kwelizwekazi elineentlobo-ntlobo zezilwanyana ezinkulu. Ezinye zazo zivela ziyintaphane, yamanani amakhulu. Kukho ii-antelope, I-buffalo, imbabala, i-cheetah, imfene, indlovu, i-giraffe, i-rhinoceros, ii-apes, i-hyaena, nezinye nezinye. Zingaphaya kwamawaka ama-2 iintlobo zeentlanzi ezihlala kwii-lakes nakwimilambo yaseAfrika.
Ipolitiki
tshintshaUmbutho wezizwe ezimanyeneyo zaseAfrika The Umbutho womanyano lwelizwekazi i-Afrika (ngesiNgesi ushunqulwa ube ngu-AU) ngumbutho welizwekazi jikelele oyingqokolela yawo onke amazwe ase-Afrika, ngaphandle kweMorocco. Injongo yalo mbutho kukuphucula uqoqosho kwintlalo yaseAfrika, amalungu olu manyano lwe-commonwealth, lube kuhulumente ophantsi kweenguquko ezifunyaniswe kwihlabathi. Umbutho wamazwe aseAfrika unepalamente yaseburhulumenteni, eyaziwa ngokuba nguRhulumente wamazwe Afrika emanyeneyo. ekukho kuye i-legislative, inkundla yomthetho, kunye nee-executive organs. Ikhokelwa ngumongameli nayinkokeli yesizwe, nokwanguMongameli we-Pan African Parliament. Umntu uba nguMongameli we-AU ngokonyulelwa kwi-PAP, aze abe ufumane inkxaso emandla kwi-PAP.
Ukuxhatshazwa kwamalungelo abantu kusenzeka nangoku kwiindawo eziliqela apha e-Afrika, ingakumbi kwiindawo eziphosanayo neliso likarhulumente. Obo bundlobongela obunjalo benzeka ngenxa yezopolitiko, budla ngokuba ngunozala wengxaki yemfazwe yobukhaya. Amazwe athe axelwa kutsha nje njengawona mazwe atyeshela amalungelo abantu ngala alandelayo: i-Uganda, i-Sierra Leone, i-Liberia, i-Sudan, i-Zimbabwe, kunye ne-Côte d'Ivoire.
Abantu
tshintshaAbantu abavela e-Afrika babizwa ngokuba ngama-Afrika. Abantu abavela entshona - Afrika we-Sahara babizwa ngokuba ngama-Maghrebis baze bona abavela emzantsi babizwe ngokuba ngama-Subsaharans. Iilwimi ezisemazantsi e-Afrika ziquka isiSwahili, isi-Oromo kunye nesi-Amharic. Iilwimi ezisetyenziswa emantla e-Afrika ziquka isiLingala, isi-Igbo kunye neziFulani. Elona lizwe linabantu abaninzi e-Afrika yiNigeria.
Countries
tshintsha| Country | Area (km²) |
Population | Year | Density (per km²) |
Capital |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Northern Africa | |||||
| iThemplethi:Country data Algeria | 2,381,740 | 34,178,188 | 2009 | 14 | e-Algiers |
| iThemplethi:Country data Canary Islands (Spain) | 7,492 | 2,118,519 | 2010 | 226 | e-Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, e-Santa Cruz de Tenerife |
| iThemplethi:Country data Ceuta (Spain) | 18.5 | 82,376 | 2011 | 4,453 | — |
| iThemplethi:Country data Egypt | 1,001,450 | 82,868,000 | 2012 | 83 | e-Cairo |
| iThemplethi:Country data Libya | 1,759,540 | 6,310,434 | 2009 | 4 | e-Tripoli |
| iThemplethi:Country data Madeira (Portugal) | 797 | 245,000 | 2001 | 307 | e-Funchal |
| iThemplethi:Country data Melilla (Spain) | 12 | 66,411 | 2001 | 5,534 | — |
| iThemplethi:Country data Morocco | 446,550 | 34,859,364 | 2009 | 78 | e-Rabat |
| iThemplethi:Country data Sudan | 1,861,484 | 30,894,000 | 2008 | 17 | e-Khartoum |
| iThemplethi:Country data Tunisia | 163,610 | 10,486,339 | 2009 | 64 | e-Tunis |
| Western Sahara | 266,000 | 405,210 | 2009 | 2 | e-El Aaiún |
| Horn of Africa | |||||
 iThemplethi:Country data DjiboutiDjibouti
|
23,000 | 623,891 | 2012 | 22 | e-Djibouti |
| iThemplethi:Country data EritreaEritrea | 121,320 | 5,647,168 | 2009 | 47 | e-Asmara |
| iThemplethi:Country data Ethiopia | 1,127,127 | 84,320,987 | 2012 | 75 | e-Addis Ababa |
| iThemplethi:Country data SomaliaSomalia | 637,657 | 9,832,017 | 2009 | 15 | e-Mogadishu |
| East Africa | |||||
| iThemplethi:Country data BurundiBurundi | 27,830 | 8,988,091 | 2009 | 323 | e-Bujumbura |
| iThemplethi:Country data ComorosComoros | 2,170 | 752,438 | 2009 | 347 | e-Moroni |
| iThemplethi:Country data KenyaKenya | 582,650 | 39,002,772 | 2009 | 66 | e-Nairobi |
| iThemplethi:Country data MadagascarMadagascar | 587,040 | 20,653,556 | 2009 | 35 | e-Antananarivo |
| iThemplethi:Country data MalawiMalawi | 118,480 | 14,268,711 | 2009 | 120 | e-Lilongwe |
| iThemplethi:Country data MauritiusMauritius | 2,040 | 1,284,264 | 2009 | 630 | e-Port Louis |
| iThemplethi:Country data MayotteMayotte (France) | 374 | 223,765 | 2009 | 490 | e-Mamoudzou |
| iThemplethi:Country data MozambiqueMozambique | 801,590 | 21,669,278 | 2009 | 27 | e-Maputo |
| iThemplethi:Country data RéunionRéunion (France) | 2,512 | 743,981 | 2002 | 296 | e-Saint-Denis |
| iThemplethi:Country data RwandaRwanda | 26,338 | 10,473,282 | 2009 | 398 | e-Kigali |
| iThemplethi:Country data SeychellesSeychelles | 455 | 87,476 | 2009 | 192 | e-Victoria |
| iThemplethi:Country data South SudanSouth Sudan | 619,745 | 8,260,490 | 2008 | 13 | e-Juba |
| iThemplethi:Country data TanzaniaTanzania | 945,087 | 44,929,002 | 2009 | 43 | e-Dodoma |
| iThemplethi:Country data UgandaUganda | 236,040 | 32,369,558 | 2009 | 137 | e-Kampala |
| iThemplethi:Country data ZambiaZambia | 752,614 | 11,862,740 | 2009 | 16 | e-Lusaka |
| iThemplethi:Country data ZimbabweZimbabwe | 390,580 | 11,392,629 | 2009 | 29 | e-Harare |
| Central Africa | |||||
| iThemplethi:Country data AngolaAngola | 1,246,700 | 12,799,293 | 2009 | 10 | e-Luanda |
| iThemplethi:Country data CameroonCameroon | 475,440 | 18,879,301 | 2009 | 40 | e-Yaoundé |
| iThemplethi:Country data Central African RepublicCentral African Republic | 622,984 | 4,511,488 | 2009 | 7 | e-Bangui |
| iThemplethi:Country data ChadChad | 1,284,000 | 10,329,208 | 2009 | 8 | e-N'Djamena |
| iThemplethi:Country data Republic of the CongoRepublic of the Congo | 342,000 | 4,012,809 | 2009 | 12 | e-Brazzaville |
| iThemplethi:Country data Democratic Republic of the CongoDemocratic Republic of the Congo | 2,345,410 | 69,575,000 | 2012 | 30 | e-Kinshasa |
| iThemplethi:Country data Equatorial GuineaEquatorial Guinea | 28,051 | 633,441 | 2009 | 23 | e-Malabo |
| iThemplethi:Country data GabonGabon | 267,667 | 1,514,993 | 2009 | 6 | e-Libreville |
| iThemplethi:Country data São Tomé and PríncipeSão Tomé and Príncipe | 1,001 | 212,679 | 2009 | 212 | e-São Tomé |
| Southern Africa | |||||
| iThemplethi:Country data BotswanaBotswana | 600,370 | 1,990,876 | 2009 | 3 | e-Gaborone |
| iThemplethi:Country data LesothoLesotho | 30,355 | 2,130,819 | 2009 | 70 | e-Maseru |
| iThemplethi:Country data NamibiaNamibia | 825,418 | 2,108,665 | 2009 | 3 | e-Windhoek |
| iThemplethi:Country data South AfricaSouth Africa | 1,219,912 | 51,770,560 | 2011 | 42 | e-Bloemfontein, Cape Town, ePitoli |
| iThemplethi:Country data SwazilandSwaziland | 17,363 | 1,123,913 | 2009 | 65 | e-Mbabane |
| West Africa | |||||
| iThemplethi:Country data BeninBenin | 112,620 | 8,791,832 | 2009 | 78 | e-Porto-Novo |
| iThemplethi:Country data Burkina FasoBurkina Faso | 274,200 | 15,746,232 | 2009 | 57 | e-Ouagadougou |
| iThemplethi:Country data Cape VerdeCape Verde | 4,033 | 429,474 | 2009 | 107 | e-Praia |
| iThemplethi:Country data Côte d'IvoireCôte d'Ivoire | 322,460 | 20,617,068 | 2009 | 64 | e-Abidjan, Yamoussoukro |
| iThemplethi:Country data GambiaGambia | 11,300 | 1,782,893 | 2009 | 158 | e-Banjul |
| iThemplethi:Country data GhanaGhana | 239,460 | 23,832,495 | 2009 | 100 | e-Accra |
| iThemplethi:Country data GuineaGuinea | 245,857 | 10,057,975 | 2009 | 41 | e-Conakry |
| iThemplethi:Country data Guinea-BissauGuinea-Bissau | 36,120 | 1,533,964 | 2009 | 43 | e-Bissau |
| iThemplethi:Country data LiberiaLiberia | 111,370 | 3,441,790 | 2009 | 31 | e-Monrovia |
| iThemplethi:Country data MaliMali | 1,240,000 | 12,666,987 | 2009 | 10 | e-Bamako |
 MauritaniaMauritania
|
1,030,700 | 3,129,486 | 2009 | 3 | e-Nouakchott |
 NigerNiger
|
1,267,000 | 15,306,252 | 2009 | 12 | e-Niamey |
| iThemplethi:Country data NigeriaNigeria | 923,768 | 166,629,000 | 2012 | 180 | e-Abuja |
| iThemplethi:Country data Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da CunhaiThemplethi:Country data Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da CunhaSaint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom) | 420 | 7,728 | 2012 | 13 | e-Jamestown |
| iThemplethi:Country data SenegalSenegal | 196,190 | 13,711,597 | 2009 | 70 | e-Dakar |
| iThemplethi:Country data Sierra LeoneSierra Leone | 71,740 | 6,440,053 | 2009 | 90 | e-Freetown |
| iThemplethi:Country data TogoTogo | 56,785 | 6,019,877 | 2009 | 106 | e-Lomé |
| Africa Total | 30,368,609 | 1,001,320,281 | 2009 | 33 | |