ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ

ⴱⵔⵔⴽ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ
ⴰⵙⴰⵎⵓ ⵉⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉ, ⵖⵉⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ 11 534 ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵏⵉⵜⵏ.

ⴰⴽⵡⴰⵙ 13 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2974
26 ⴷⵓⵊⴷⵓⵊ 2024
24 Jumada al-thani 1446
ⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙⵏ: 3 407
ⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙⵏ ⵉⵏⵔⵎⴰⴷⵏ: 29
 

ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵎⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵏⵉⵜⵏⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜⴰⵏⵎⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔⵉⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⵉⵡⵉⴽⵉⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰⵏⵏⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙⵜ ⵜⵉⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰⵜⵉⵏⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰⵉⵡⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ

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ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏ

ⴰⵙⵙⵎⵖⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵍⵖⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵉ ⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ

ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⵓⵏⴰⴹ (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: محمد أكوناض) ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1950 ⴳ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵉⵔⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵏⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵜⵡⵙⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵃⴰⵃⴰⵏ, ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵡⵙⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵙⵓⵙ, ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳⵔ ⵓⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔⵎⵓⴳⴰⴷⵓⵔⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵓⵙ-ⵎⴰⵙⵙⵜ. ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵊⵊ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⵖⵏⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵏ, ⵢⵓⵙⵉ ⴰⵏⵣⴳⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵣⵉⴽⴽ, ⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵉⵙⵡⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴳ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵖⵎⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1993. ⵉⵙⵙⵖⵔⴰ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ, ⵉⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⵓⵔⵎⵉⴷⵏ ⴳ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵜⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ, ⴰⵢⵢⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ, ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴱⴷⵓ (ⴰⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ), ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ, ⵜⴰⵣⵍⵖⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ. ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2006.

ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵉⴽⵛⵉⵎ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⵓⵏⴰⴹ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵣⵉⴽⴽ, ⴰⵔ ⴷⴳⵙ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵍⵇⵕⴰⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜ ⵉⵃⵙⴰ ⵚⴹⵉⵚⵜ ⵜⵡⴰⵍ ⵎⵎⴹⴼⴰⵕⵏⵉⵏ. ⵉⴷⴷⵓ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵎⴰⵏⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵎⴷ ⴷⴳⵙ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵣⵓⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⴽ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⵏⵜ.

ⴷⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1965, ⵉⵎⵎⵓⴷⴷⴰ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⵓⵏⴰⴹ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴹⴼⵕ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⵏⵙⵍⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵏⵏ, ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖⵏ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵉⵎⵖⵏⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ, ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⴷⵖⵔⵏⵉ, ⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⴷ ⴱⵍⵇⴰⵙⵎ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ.


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ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⴼⴰⵍⴽⴰⵢ

ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵇⵇⴰ, (ⴰⵙⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔⴰⵏ: [ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵡⵡⴰⵇⵇⴰ] ⵏⵖ [ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵡⵡⴰⵇⵇⴰ]) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵎⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵏⵖⵓⴱⴰ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵎⵃⵏⵏⴷ ⵓ ⵄⵍⵉ ⴰⵎⵏⵚⴰⴳ. ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵇⵇⴰ, ⵜⴰⴳⴳⵓⴳ ⵖⵉⴼⵙ ⵙ 13 ⵉⴽⵉⵍⵓⵎⵉⵜⵔⵏ. ⵉⵙⴰⴳⵓⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵙⵓⵍⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴳⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⴽⴰⵔⵜ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴰⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵣⵓⵏⵉⵏ. ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴷ ⴱⵓⵡⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵍⴱⴽⵔⵉ, ⵍⵢⴰⵄⵇⵓⴱⵉⵉⵣⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ (ⵍⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵍⵡⴰⵣⵣⴰⵏ) ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰ ⵙ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ 9 ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ, ⵜⴷⴷⵔ ⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ 16 ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵅⵍⴰ ⵎⵃⵏⵏⴷ ⵓ ⵄⵍⵉ ⴰⵎⵏⵚⴰⴳ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⵄⴷⵉⵢⵏ.

ⴰⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ "ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵓⵍⵜ" ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ "ⴽⵉⵜⴰⴱ ⴰⵍ ⴰⵙⵎⴰ" ⵏ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵔⵜ, ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1146 ⴷⴰⵜ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ. ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵔⵜ ⵎⴰ ⵙ "ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵓⵍⵜ" ⵜⴳⴰ "ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵅⴼ ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ".

ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵎⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ 9 ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵍⵎⵓⵙⵏ, ⵙ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵄⴱⴷⵓⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⵓ ⴷⵔⵉⵙ, ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵙⵓⵙ, ⴰⵖⵎⴰⵜ, ⵏⵏⴼⵉⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵚⵎⵓⴹⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵉⵎⵥⵎⵓⴹⵏ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⴷ ⴱⵓⵡⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵜⵣⵡⴰⵔ ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⴷ, ⴷ ⵎⴰ ⵙ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⵓ ⴷⵔⵉⵙ (ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⴱⵏ ⴷⵔⵉⵙ) ⵉⵙ ⴽⴰ ⵢⵓⵍⵙ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⵉ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜⵡⵓⵔⵖ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⵏⵉⵇⵏ. ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ 9, ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉ ⴳ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ⵉⵇⴱⵓⵕⵏ.

ⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⴷ ⴱⵓⵡⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵎⴰ ⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵖⵓⵣⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵏⵜⵜⵏⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⴷⴷⵊⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⴷⴷⵊ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵡⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵚⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜ ⵙⵔⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ. ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴰⵏⴰⵙ, ⵣⵣⵏⴳ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵔⵉⵎ. ⵜⴰⵍⵄⴷⴷⴰⴷⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵖⵉⵣ (ⵏⵖ ⴰⵎⵣⵖⵓⵣ) ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ, ⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵙⴳⵉⵙ ⵙⵙⵓⴼⵓⵖⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵓⵣⵏ. ⵜⴻⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵥⵓⵍⵜ. ⵉⵎⵖⵉⵣⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵔⵉⵎ ⵓⵎⵥⵏ ⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵄⴷⴷⴰⴷⵏⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⴳⵉⵍⵉⵣⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵡⴷⴰⴷⵏ.

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ⵜⴰⵍⴳⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ

ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵜⴼⵓⵏⴰⵙⵜ ⴷ 40 ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴽⵔ

ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ. ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1934 ⵙ ⵍⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵟⵟⵓ, ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⴷ, ⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⵙ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⴰⵖ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵛⵍⵃⵉⵜ, ⴰⵙⵓⵍⴼ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵉⴷⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵟⵍⴰⵚ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ, ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵓⴼⴰⵖ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵏ: ⵊⵓⵏ ⴱⵉⵏⵡⴰ ⵍⵉⴼⵉ, ⵎⴰⵕⵉ ⵉⴱⵛⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⴰⴳⵍⴰⵡⵡⵓ. ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵢⴰⴼⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⵉⵏⴳⵔ ⵉⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ .

ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵎⴰ ⵏⵏⵖ ⴰⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵓⵙ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1934 ⵙ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵛⵍⵃⵉⵜ; ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵍⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ "ⵉⵟⵟⵓ", ⵉⴼⴼⴰⵖ ⴷ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵕⵓⵎⵉⵢⵏ, ⵎⴰⵔⵉ ⵉⴱⵛⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵊⵓⵏ ⴱⵉⵏⵡⴰ ⵍⵉⴼⵉ , ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵚⵡⵡⴰⵕ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵙⴳⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1989 ⵉⴼⴼⴰⵖ ⴷ ⵍⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ " ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ " ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵙⵙⵉ ⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⴱⵉⵢⵣⴳⴰⵔⵏ (ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵜ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵉⴳⵉⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1993), ⴰⵡⵙⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵓⵥⴰⵕ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ. ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⴷ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵅⴼ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴳⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵏⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1992 ⵍⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵛⵍⵃⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵍⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ " ⴱⵓ - ⵜⴼⵓⵏⴰⵙⵜ " ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⴽⵔⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵉ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⴱⴰⵄⵎⵕⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵙⵙⵉ ⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⴱⵓⴽⴰ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ " ⴳⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ ", ⵄⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⴰⵛⴽⵉⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵍⴰⴼⵍⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉ.

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ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ


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ⵎⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ?

ⵜframeless
ⵜframeless

ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵏⵖ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵒⵉⴷⵢⴰ (Wikipedia ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ) ⴷ ⵢⵓⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵖⵣⵓⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ (291 ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ 2015). ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⴰⴽⴽ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏⴻⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵜⵉⵔⵏⵉⵜ. ⵉⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍ ⵜⵜ ⵊⵉⵎⵉ ⵡⵉⵍⵣ ⴷ ⵍⴰⵔⵉ ⵙⴰⵏⴳⵔ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 15 ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ 2001. ⴷ ⵙⴰⵏⵊⵔ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵉⴼⴽⴰⵏ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ, ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵉⴱⴹⴰ ⴼ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ, "ⵡⵉⴽⵉ" ⵙ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏ ⴱⵣⵔⴱⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏ ⴷⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⵓⵎⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⵖⵢⴰ, ⴷ "ⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ" ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⴻⵏⵛⵢⵛⵍⵓⴱⴻⴷⵉⴰ. ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵃⵔⴰ ⵜⵙⵙⴱⵜⴰ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵖⴰⵔ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛ ⴷⵖⵢⴰ ⵙ ⵍⵉⵖ ⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴱⴰⵢⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵉⴹⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵥⵍⵉⵏⵜ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⴽ ⵖ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵏⵜ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴽⴽⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ. ⵖⵉⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 300 (ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⴹ) ⵏ ⵉⴷ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ, ⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳⵉⵙⵏⵜ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 5 ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ. ⵖ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓ ⵉⴷ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ, ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ 40 (ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵎⵔⴰⵡ) ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵙ 300 (ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⴹ) ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ. ⵖ ⴱⵕⴰⵢⵕ 2014 (ⵙⵉⵏ ⵡⴰⴼⴹⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ) ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵢⵥⵕⴰ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ 18 (ⵜⴰⵎ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ) ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵍ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ 500 (ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⴹ) ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵔⴳⴰⴱⵏ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ.

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ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ

ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵔⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵍⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⵡⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ
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ⵉⵙ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜ?

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ⵏⵏⴰⵏ

ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ ⵙⵍⵍⴰⵖ ⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⴰ ⵉⵏⵓ ⵣⵓⵏ ⵜⵕⵥⵉⵜ ⴰⵖⴰⵏⵉⵎ

ⵙⵍⵍⴰⵖ ⵉ ⵡⵓⵍ ⵉⵏⵓ ⵣⵓⵏ ⵢⵓⵜ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⴰⵏⴰⵙ
ⵎⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵕⵥⵉ ⵏ ⵍⵍⵓⵣ ⴰ ⵓⵍ ⵉⵏⵓ ⴽⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵕⵥⵉⵜ
ⵜⵕⵥⵉⵜ ⵜⵉⵕⵥⵉ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴳⴰⵄ ⵎⵓ ⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ

ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ

ⴱⵓⴱⴽⵔ ⴰⵏⵛⵛⴰⴷ

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ⵉⵎⵉⴷⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ

ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴷ: ⴰⵢⴰⵔⴳⴰⵣ.
ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴰⵔⴰ: ⴰ ⴰⵔⴳⴰⵣ.
ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵢ (ⵢ) ⵏ ⵡⴰⵔⴰⵢ ⴷⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵓⵙⵔⵓ ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵓⵔ ⴷⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰ.


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ⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍ ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ !

ⴰⵡⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵣⵔⴽ ⵙ ⵓⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵜⵓⴼⵉⴷ ⵉⵍⵓⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ. ⵎⴽ ⵜⵓⴼⵉⴷ, ⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵉⵙⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⵛ. ⵎⴽ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵙⵙⵉⵏⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⴰ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵓⵙⵔⴷ ⵜⵉⵡⵉⵙⵉ, ⵥⵕ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵉⵙⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵙⵇⵙⴰⴷ ⵉⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵉⵙⵉ

ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳⵉⵙ 11 534 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵏⵉ, ⵖⴰⵏⵏ ⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵖⵉ ⴰ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵔⵉⴷ ⴰ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴷ. ⵉⴳ ⵜⵔⵉⴷ ⴰ ⵜⵉⵙⵙⴰⵏⴷ ⵉⵙ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵔⵉⴷ ⴰ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴷ (ⵉⵖⵉ ⴰ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ) ⵏⵖ ⵓⵀⵓ, ⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ. ⵉⴳ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ, ⴰⵔⴰ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵏⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵣⴷⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⴹⴼⴰⵕⴷ ⵉⵙⵡⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⴼⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⵉⴳⵜ.


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ⵉⵙⵏⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵢⵜⵎⴰⵜⵏ

ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰ, ⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ:

Commons ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴽⴰⵎⵏⵣ ⴰⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴼⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⵜⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰ
MediaWiki ⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰⵡⵉⴽⵉ ⴰⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵖⴰⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⵡⵉⴽⵉⵜⵏ
Meta-Wiki ⵎⵉⵜⴰⵡⵉⴽⵉ ⴰⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰ
Wikibooks ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⴰⴳⵓⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵚⵏ ⵉⴱⵉⴷⴰⴳⵓⵊⵉⵢⵏ
Wikidata ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵙⴼⴽⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴼⴽⴰ ⵉⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉⵢⵏ
Wikinews ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ ⴰⵙⵉⵜ ⵉⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ
Wikiquote ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴱⴷⴰⵔⵏ
Wikisource ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵙⴰⴳⵎ ⵜⴰⵙⴷⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⵉⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉⵜ
Wikispecies ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ
Wikiversity ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⵉⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉⵢⵏ
Wikivoyage ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵎⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⴰⵎⴰⵏⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵉⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉ
Wiktionary ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵉⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉ
ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ
  NODES