FIM-92 Stinger

FIM-92 Stinger
(FIM-92 to̍k-tshì hông-khong tō-tān)
FIM-92 Stinger; (FIM-92 to̍k-tshì hông-khong tō-tān)
	Dummy FIM-92 Stinger huat-siā-khì.
Luī-hîng	Man-portable surface-to-air missile
Guân-sán-tē	Bíkok
Ho̍k-i̍k kì-lo̍k
Ho̍k-i̍k kî-kan	1981 – hiān-tshú-sî
Sú-iōng tsiá	Tsham-ua̍t sú-iōng-tsiá
Tsèn-tsing	Falklands War, Soviet–Afghan War, Iran–Iraq War, Gulf War, Angolan Civil War, Sri Lankan Civil War, Chadian–Libyan conflict, Tajikistani Civil War, Kargil War, Yugoslav Wars, Invasion of Grenada, Second Chechen War, War in Afghanistan, Iraq War, Syrian Civil War, War in Iraq (2013–2017), Russo-Ukrainian War
Sing-sán li̍k-sú
Set-kè-tsiá	General Dynamics
Gián-huat li̍t-kî	1967
Sing-sán-siong	Raytheon Missiles & Defense
Tan-kè	FIM-92A: U.S.$38,000 (missile only, 1980 FY); ($119,320 2020 FY)
Sing-sán li̍t-kî	1978–present
Ên-sin tsióng-luī	FIM-92A, FIM-92B, FIM-92C, FIM-92D, FIM-92G
Ki-pún tsu-guân
Tāng-liōng	Missile – 22 lb (10.1 kg); System – 35 lb (15.7 kg);
Tn̂g-tōo	At launch – 5 ft (1.53 m); In flight – 4 ft 6 in (1.37 m);
Ti̍t-kìng	2.8 in (70 mm)
Sîng-guân	1
Effective firing range	0.12–3.11 mi (.2–5 km)
Tuâñ-thâu	HE-FRAG
Warhead weight	6.6 lb (3 kg)
Detonation; mechanism	Lòng-kik [en]
E̋n-z̩ín	Solid-fuel rocket motor
I̍k-tén	6.3 in (160 mm)
Siōng-kuân sok-tōo	745 m/s (Mach 2.2; 2,440 ft/s)
Tō-ín hē-thóng	Infrared homing
Huat-siā; pêñ-tâi	MANPADS, M6 Linebacker, Multi-Mission Launcher, Eurocopter Tiger, AN/TWQ-1 Avenger, MQ-1 Predator, AH-64 Apache, T129 ATAK
References	Janes

FIM-92 Stinger (ing-gú: FIM-92 Stinger; mā kiò-tsò FIM-92 to̍k-tshì hông-khong tō-tān) sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok "piān-hê-sik hông-khong hē-thóng" (MANPADS), ē-tàng tsò âng-guā-suànn tui-tsong ê tē-tuì-khong tō-tān [en] (SAM). FIM-92 ē-sái sik-ìng uì kok-tsióg ê tē-bīn tshia-lióng tíng-kuân huat-siā, kah teh uì ti̍t-sing-ki huat-siā ê "khong-tuì-khong stinger tō-tān [en]" (ATAS). FIM-92 tī 1981-nî tâu-ji̍p sú-iōng, pīng-hōo Bí-kok kah kî-thann 29-ê kok-ka ê kun-tuī sú-iōng. FIM-92 tsú-iàu iû Raytheon Missiles & Defense kong-si [en] tsè-tsō, jî-tshiánn koh siū-kuân hōo Tik-kok Airbus Defense and Space kong-si [en] kah Türkiye Roketsan kong-si lâi sing-sán.

Biâu-su̍t

FIM-92 Stinger sī tsi̍t-tsióng pī-tōng tē-tuì-khong tō-tān, ē-tàng iû tsi̍t-miâ tshau-tsok-guân king-kng huat-siā (sui-bóng piau-tsún kun-sū tîng-sū su-iàu nn̄g-miâ tshau-tsok-guân, tuī-tiúnn kah phàu-tshiú). FIM-92 Stinger tsú-iàu teh tshú-tāi FIM-43 Redeye [en] hē-thóng, tsú-iàu khu-pia̍t teh, kah Redeye bô kāng-khuán ê sī, Stinger ē-tàng teh bo̍k-piau tsiap-kīn tshau-tsok-guân ê sî-tsūn tsang--tio̍h bo̍k-piau, tsiū-án-ni ū koh-khah tsē ê sî-kan lâi pōo-hi̍k hām tshui-huí bo̍k-piau. FIM-92B tō-tān mā ē-tàng uì M1097 Avenger kah M6 Linebacker lâi huat-siā. FIM-92 Stinger tō-tān iah ē-tàng teh Humvee Stinger ê keh-á tíng-kuân pòo-tah,pīng-tshiánn ē-tànghōo khong-kàng pōo-tuīsú-iōng. Mā-ū tsi̍t-tsióng kiò-tsò Stinger tō-tān (ATAS) ê ti̍t-sing-ki tíng-kuân huat-siā ê pán-pún AIM-92 Stinger [en].

Sú-iōng-tsiá

Map with FIM-92 operators in blue

Морской пехотинец США с полевой радиостанцией принимает сведения о воздушной цели, передавая целеуказание в реальном времени стрелку ПЗРК «Стингер»

M134 Stinger Tracking Trainer with IFF antenna unfolded

Taiwan multiple Stinger missile launcher demonstration in Taipei's old Air Force base

Комплекс в готовности к пуску. Характерная «Ч»-образная надстройка сверху — съёмная антенна радиолокационного запросчика

Afghan mujahideen [en]
Angola
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Chad
Chile
Colombia^[4]
Croatia^[5]
Egypt
Finland^[6]
France^[7]
Georgia
GER: Stingers made under license by EADS.^[8]
Greece
Iran^[9]^[10]^[11]
Iraq
Israel
India
Italy
Ji̍t-pún
Hân-kok^[12]
North Korea^[13]^[14]
Latvia^[15]
Lithuania
Morocco: Part of a $4.25 billion AH-64E deal^[16]
Netherlands
Norway
Pakistan: 350 in service with the Pakistan Army.^[17]^[18]
Portugal: In 2021 Portuguese Army acquired new missiles and sights.^[19]
Tâi-oân: Republic of China Marine Corps, Republic of China Army^[20]
Slovenia
Switzerland
Turkey: Stingers made under license by ROKETSAN.^[21] 4,800+ Stinger missiles were supplied under "Stinger Air Defense Guided Missile System European Common Production Program". Additional 1,000 Stinger needs were identified in July 2000 and the deliveries were completed in 2003.^[22]
UNITA^[23]
Ukraina: Lithuania and Latvia have transferred unknown quantities of Stinger missiles from their inventory to Ukraine after receiving an approval from the US State Department.^[24] The Netherlands will supply Ukraine with 200 Stinger missiles.^[25] Germany will supply 500 Stingers.^[26] On 16 March 2022, the US announced that an additional 800 Stinger missiles would be transferred, following an earlier transfer of over 600 missiles.^[27]
Eng-kok
United States^[28]

Tsù-kái

↑ "$1 in 1980 → 2020". in2013dollars.com.
↑ "T129 ATAK" (PDF). Turkish Aerospace. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 14 July 2021 hőng khó͘-pih. 15 July 2021 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ Janes (14 June 2022), "Stinger family of MANPADS", Janes Land Warfare Platforms: Artillery & Air Defence, Coulsdon, Surrey: Jane's Group UK Limited., 17 September 2022 khòaⁿ--ê
↑ Infodefensa.com (2015-09-23). "Colombia adquiere 60 misiles antiaéreos Stinger y 100 TOW antitanques - Noticias Infodefensa América" (ēng Se-pan-gâ-gí). goân-loē-iông tī 2016-05-27 hőng khó͘-pih. 2016-08-05 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ "General Dynamics / Raytheon FIM-92 Stinger".
↑ "HS: Finland to splurge 90 million on US Stinger missiles". Yle Uutiset. goân-loē-iông tī 2014-01-26 hőng khó͘-pih. 2014-01-26 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ Arnaud Delalande, The Ghost Plane of Faya-Largeau Archived 2018-01-10 at the Wayback Machine., 9 January 2018.
↑ Tiger Attack Helicopter, Europe. Archived 2008-10-24 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 24 October 2008.
↑ Times, Stephen Engelberg With Bernard E. Trainor, Special to the New York (1987-10-17). "Iranians Captured Stinger Missiles From Afghan Guerrillas, U.S. Says". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. goân-loē-iông tī 2016-12-28 hőng khó͘-pih. 2016-08-05 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ "Pak general says Iran stole Stinger missiles". iran-times.com. goân-loē-iông tī 2015-07-17 hőng khó͘-pih. 2015-07-16 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ Datta, S. K. (12 June 2014). Inside ISI: The Story and Involvement of the ISI, Afghan Jihad, Taliban, Al-Qaeda, 9/11, Osama Bin Laden, 26/11 and the Future of Al-Qaeda~. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. ISBN 9789382652595. goân-loē-iông tī 9 April 2018 hőng khó͘-pih. 5 December 2017 khòaⁿ--ê – via Google Books.
↑ "Stingers for South Korea AH-64E Apaches". goân-loē-iông tī 2016-08-12 hőng khó͘-pih. 2016-08-05 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ US Department of Defense. "Stinger" (PDF). North Korea Country Handbook 1997, Appendix A: Equipment Recognition. p. A-70. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 2016-03-04 hőng khó͘-pih. 2018-09-05 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 2018-08-21 hőng khó͘-pih. 2018-09-17 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ Tomkins, Richard (23 August 2017). "Latvia buying Stinger air-defense missiles from Denmark". United Press International. goân-loē-iông tī 24 August 2017 hőng khó͘-pih. 24 August 2017 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ "US State Dept. Approves $4.25 billion Apache helo sale to Morocco". 2019-11-20.
↑ Singh, R.S.N. (2005). Asian Strategic And Military Perspective. Lancer Publishers. p. 238. ISBN 9788170622451.
↑ Sumit Ganguly & S. Paul Kapur (2008). Nuclear Proliferation in South Asia: Crisis Behaviour and the Bomb. Routledge. p. 174. ISBN 978-0-203-89286-2.
↑ Transfers of major weapons: Deals with deliveries or orders made for 1960 to 2020. SIPRI Arms Transfers Database. 2021.
↑ "defpro.com". defpro.com. goân-loē-iông tī 2015-10-24 hőng khó͘-pih. 2016-08-05 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ Official Roketsan Stinger Page. Archived 2009-01-01 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 23 October 2008.
↑ Sünnetçi, İbrahim (2020). "Turkey & Stinger MANPADS Missile Procurement". Defence Turkey Magazine. 15-101.
↑ "Trade Registers". Armstrade.sipri.org. goân-loē-iông tī 2011-05-13 hőng khó͘-pih. 2013-06-20 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ GDC (2022-01-23). "The U.S. And Allies Supply Lethal Military Aid TO Ukraine". Global Defense Corp (ēng Eng-gí). 2022-02-10 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ Zaken, Ministerie van Buitenlandse (2022-02-26). "Kamerbrief stand van zaken ontwikkelingen in en rondom Oekraïne - Kamerstuk - Rijksoverheid.nl". rijksoverheid.nl (ēng Hô-lân-gí). 2022-02-26 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ "Live updates: Germany to send anti-tank weapons to Ukraine". Associated Press News (ēng Eng-gí). 2022-02-26. 2022-02-26 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ "Fact Sheet on U.S. Security Assistance for Ukraine". 16 March 2022.
↑ GDC (2021-07-13). "Raytheon Awarded $321 Million Stinger Missiles Contract For U.S. Army". Global Defense Corp (ēng Eng-gí). 2022-02-10 khòaⁿ--ê.

Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k

O'Halloran, James C.; Christopher F. Foss, pian. (2005). Jane's Land-Based Air Defence 2005–2006. Couldson, Surrey, UK: Jane's Information Group. ISBN 0710626975. (Eng-gí)

Tsham-ua̍t

FIM-43 Redeye
Federation of American Scientists

Guā-pōo liân-kiat

Raytheon (General Dynamics) FIM-92 Stinger – Designation Systems (Eng-gí)
Defense Update: Stinger VSHORAD Missile (Eng-gí)
YouTube téng ê Stinger missiles in Syrian Civil War ê iáⁿ-phìⁿ (Eng-gí)
FIM-92A Stinger Weapons System: RMP & Basic at GlobalSecurity.org (Eng-gí)
FIM-92A Stinger Weapons System: RMP & Basic at the Federation of American Scientists Military Analysis Network (Eng-gí)

[1] "$1 in 1980 → 2020". in2013dollars.com.

[T_129_ATAK_TAI_PDF-2] "T129 ATAK" (PDF). Turkish Aerospace. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 14 July 2021 hőng khó͘-pih. 15 July 2021 khòaⁿ--ê.

[3] Janes (14 June 2022), "Stinger family of MANPADS", Janes Land Warfare Platforms: Artillery & Air Defence, Coulsdon, Surrey: Jane's Group UK Limited., 17 September 2022 khòaⁿ--ê

[4] Infodefensa.com (2015-09-23). "Colombia adquiere 60 misiles antiaéreos Stinger y 100 TOW antitanques - Noticias Infodefensa América" (ēng Se-pan-gâ-gí). goân-loē-iông tī 2016-05-27 hőng khó͘-pih. 2016-08-05 khòaⁿ--ê.

[5] "General Dynamics / Raytheon FIM-92 Stinger".

[6] "HS: Finland to splurge 90 million on US Stinger missiles". Yle Uutiset. goân-loē-iông tī 2014-01-26 hőng khó͘-pih. 2014-01-26 khòaⁿ--ê.

[arn-7] Arnaud Delalande, The Ghost Plane of Faya-Largeau Archived 2018-01-10 at the Wayback Machine., 9 January 2018.

[8] Tiger Attack Helicopter, Europe. Archived 2008-10-24 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 24 October 2008.

[9] Times, Stephen Engelberg With Bernard E. Trainor, Special to the New York (1987-10-17). "Iranians Captured Stinger Missiles From Afghan Guerrillas, U.S. Says". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. goân-loē-iông tī 2016-12-28 hőng khó͘-pih. 2016-08-05 khòaⁿ--ê.

[10] "Pak general says Iran stole Stinger missiles". iran-times.com. goân-loē-iông tī 2015-07-17 hőng khó͘-pih. 2015-07-16 khòaⁿ--ê.

[11] Datta, S. K. (12 June 2014). Inside ISI: The Story and Involvement of the ISI, Afghan Jihad, Taliban, Al-Qaeda, 9/11, Osama Bin Laden, 26/11 and the Future of Al-Qaeda~. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. ISBN 9789382652595. goân-loē-iông tī 9 April 2018 hőng khó͘-pih. 5 December 2017 khòaⁿ--ê – via Google Books.

[12] "Stingers for South Korea AH-64E Apaches". goân-loē-iông tī 2016-08-12 hőng khó͘-pih. 2016-08-05 khòaⁿ--ê.

[Weapon-13] US Department of Defense. "Stinger" (PDF). North Korea Country Handbook 1997, Appendix A: Equipment Recognition. p. A-70. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 2016-03-04 hőng khó͘-pih. 2018-09-05 khòaⁿ--ê.

[14] "Archived copy" (PDF). goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 2018-08-21 hőng khó͘-pih. 2018-09-17 khòaⁿ--ê.

[15] Tomkins, Richard (23 August 2017). "Latvia buying Stinger air-defense missiles from Denmark". United Press International. goân-loē-iông tī 24 August 2017 hőng khó͘-pih. 24 August 2017 khòaⁿ--ê.

[16] "US State Dept. Approves $4.25 billion Apache helo sale to Morocco". 2019-11-20.

[17] Singh, R.S.N. (2005). Asian Strategic And Military Perspective. Lancer Publishers. p. 238. ISBN 9788170622451.

[18] Sumit Ganguly & S. Paul Kapur (2008). Nuclear Proliferation in South Asia: Crisis Behaviour and the Bomb. Routledge. p. 174. ISBN 978-0-203-89286-2.

[19] Transfers of major weapons: Deals with deliveries or orders made for 1960 to 2020. SIPRI Arms Transfers Database. 2021.

[20] "defpro.com". defpro.com. goân-loē-iông tī 2015-10-24 hőng khó͘-pih. 2016-08-05 khòaⁿ--ê.

[21] Official Roketsan Stinger Page. Archived 2009-01-01 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 23 October 2008.

[22] Sünnetçi, İbrahim (2020). "Turkey & Stinger MANPADS Missile Procurement". Defence Turkey Magazine. 15-101.

[trade-23] "Trade Registers". Armstrade.sipri.org. goân-loē-iông tī 2011-05-13 hőng khó͘-pih. 2013-06-20 khòaⁿ--ê.

[24] GDC (2022-01-23). "The U.S. And Allies Supply Lethal Military Aid TO Ukraine". Global Defense Corp (ēng Eng-gí). 2022-02-10 khòaⁿ--ê.

[25] Zaken, Ministerie van Buitenlandse (2022-02-26). "Kamerbrief stand van zaken ontwikkelingen in en rondom Oekraïne - Kamerstuk - Rijksoverheid.nl". rijksoverheid.nl (ēng Hô-lân-gí). 2022-02-26 khòaⁿ--ê.

[26] "Live updates: Germany to send anti-tank weapons to Ukraine". Associated Press News (ēng Eng-gí). 2022-02-26. 2022-02-26 khòaⁿ--ê.

[27] "Fact Sheet on U.S. Security Assistance for Ukraine". 16 March 2022.

[28] GDC (2021-07-13). "Raytheon Awarded $321 Million Stinger Missiles Contract For U.S. Army". Global Defense Corp (ēng Eng-gí). 2022-02-10 khòaⁿ--ê.

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