煲巴/奇奇現象

Bouba Kiki 現象，又叫 Bouba Kiki 效應，係種涉及到人嘅語言同其他感覺之間嘅聯繫嘅測試。當睇到呢兩張圖嗰陣，大多數人覺得左邊嘅圖案係 kiki（近似粵拼：ki1 ki4），右邊係 bouba（近似粵拼：bou1 baa1）。而當畀人問到點解右邊係 bouba，左邊係 kiki 嗰陣，有 90% 以上嘅人會話比較圓碌碌嘅形狀聽落去就似 bouba，尖尖哋嘅形狀就似 kiki。呢個現象首先係由窩夫岡高拿喺1929年發現嘅。^[1]^[2]

譯法

由英到粵嘅譯法：

英文 Bouba	→ 近似粵拼：bou1 baa1	→ 最接近嘅漢字假借：煲巴
英文 Kiki	→ 近似粵拼：ki1 ki4	→ 最接近嘅漢字假借：奇kei1奇或者畸kei1奇

研究

首先，諗諗一條問題—「點解一隻語言嘅某啲語音，會對應佢哋嘅意思？」。响廿世紀嗰陣，語言學界一度認為語音同意思之間嘅連繫係完全任意^{[歐 1]}嘅—

「點解粵語 maau1 呢個語音會對應貓呢個意思嘅？」

「冇得解。人類選擇用咩語音對應咩意思嗰時，係任意嘅。」

但係响廿一世紀初，呢種睇法開始受挑戰。噉係因為語言學家發現咗煲巴奇奇現象：有語言學家做咗心理實驗，畀受試者睇以下嘅形狀

睇完佢哋就同受試者講，話呢兩個形狀一個叫 bouba（煲巴）一個叫 kiki（奇奇）^{[註 1]}，再叫受試者估吓邊個叫煲巴邊個叫奇奇；如果語音同意思之間嘅聯繫係任意嘅，噉班受試者理應會有 50% 估左邊嗰個形狀叫煲巴 50% 估左邊嗰個形狀叫奇奇，但事實並唔係噉—實驗嘅結果係，啲受試者多數都估左邊嗰個形狀（三尖八角噉）叫奇奇，同時多數會估右邊嗰個形狀（冇乜尖角噉）叫煲巴。於是有唔少語言學家都開始研究象似^{[歐 2]}呢個概念，主張一款語音可以因為同某啲影像喺某啲方面相似，所以人梗係傾向會將呢款語音同嗰啲影像聯想埋一齊。^[3]

呢種現象响唔同語言以及唔同文字嘅群體當中都可以觀察得到。廿一世紀初已經有多份研究顯示，傳統上唔係講印歐語言嘅人群或者唔係用羅馬字寫嘢嘅人群，都會出現煲巴奇奇現象所講嘅傾向。有研究就試過喺講標準官話同用漢字嘅人群當中睇到煲巴奇奇現象。^[3]

睇埋

註釋

↑ 順帶一提，即係話呢兩隻字詞係臨時詞。

歐詞

↑ arbitrary
↑ iconicity

引述

↑ Köhler, W (1929). Gestalt Psychology. New York: Liveright.
↑ Köhler, W (1947). Gestalt Psychology, 2nd Ed. New York: Liveright.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Ćwiek, A., Fuchs, S., Draxler, C., Asu, E. L., Dediu, D., Hiovain, K., ... & Winter, B. (2022). The bouba/kiki effect is robust across cultures and writing systems. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 377(1841), 20200390. "Ramachandran & Hubbard proposed that the bouba/kiki effect and similar phenomena may provide a vital clue to the origins of language. They suggested that such intuitive mappings between aspects of the voice and certain visual properties would place ‘natural constraints on the ways in which sounds are mapped onto objects" (p. 19).

[4] 順帶一提，即係話呢兩隻字詞係臨時詞。

[3] rbitrary

[5] ty

[Kohler1929-1] Köhler, W (1929). Gestalt Psychology. New York: Liveright.

[2] Köhler, W (1947). Gestalt Psychology, 2nd Ed. New York: Liveright.

[cwiek22-6] 3.0 ^3.1 Ćwiek, A., Fuchs, S., Draxler, C., Asu, E. L., Dediu, D., Hiovain, K., ... & Winter, B. (2022). The bouba/kiki effect is robust across cultures and writing systems. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 377(1841), 20200390. "Ramachandran & Hubbard proposed that the bouba/kiki effect and similar phenomena may provide a vital clue to the origins of language. They suggested that such intuitive mappings between aspects of the voice and certain visual properties would place ‘natural constraints on the ways in which sounds are mapped onto objects" (p. 19).

[1]

[2]

[歐 1]

[註 1]

[歐 2]

[3]