伊万 (建筑)

建筑结构

伊万波斯語ایوان‎,拉丁转写:eyvān;阿拉伯语:إيوان‎;Iwan、ivan;土耳其语:eyvan[1][2])是波斯伊斯兰建筑中常见的一种长方形、带有拱顶的空间,三面围墙,一面开放。它由波斯人发明,3世纪时在帕提亚帝国治下达到成熟。在波斯语中伊万的入口門面又称“皮西塔克”(pishtaq)。其上常绘有繁复的几何花纹和伊斯兰书法[3][4]。伊万的大小和形状并不完全固定。

16世紀波斯風格的波伊卡楊伊斯蘭教學校的伊萬,位於烏茲別克布哈拉
泰姬陵的伊万
希克斯罗图福拉清真寺

参考文献

编辑
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  • Keall, Edward J. Some thoughts on the early iwan. Dickran Kouymjian (编). Near Eastern Numismatics, Iconography, Epigraphy, and History, Studies in Honor of George C. Miles. Beirut: American University of Beirut. 1974: 123–130. 
  • Kurz, Otto. The Date of the Ṭāq i Kisrā. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. 1941, 73 (1): 37–41. doi:10.1017/S0035869X00093138. 
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  • Rabbat, Nasser O. The Citadel of Cairo: a New Interpretation of Royal Mamluk Architecture. Geneva: AKTC. 1989. 
  • Rawson, Jessica, Chinese Ornament: The Lotus and the Dragon, 1984, British Museum Publications, ISBN 0714114316
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  • Sitwell, Sacheverell. Arabesque and Honeycomb. Robert Hale. 1957. 
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外部连接

编辑
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