Christmas

英語

發音

A nativity scene depicted using Christmas lights.
用聖誕燈光描繪的耶穌誕生

Students around a Christmas tree.
圍在聖誕樹旁的學生

(標準英音，通用美式) 英語發音：krĭsʹməs、國際音標^(幫助): /ˈkɹɪsməs/
（英國南部）音頻： (檔案)
（通用美式）音頻： (檔案)
韻部：-ɪsməs
斷字：Christ‧mas

詞源 1

專有名詞派生自中古英語 Cristemasse、Criste-mas (「聖誕節；聖誕季節；聖誕節慶祝活動」) [以及其他形式]，^[1]源自古英語 Cristes mæsse (「聖誕節」, 字面意思是「基督的彌撒」)，源自Crist (「基督」) + -es (屬格標記詞) + mæsse (「彌撒」)。英語詞作Christ +‎ -mas (表示節日或神聖的日子的後綴)分析。^[2]

名詞、形容詞和動詞^[3]均派生自專有名詞。

形容詞詞義指傳統上與聖誕節聯想起來的顏色。

專有名詞

Christmas (可數和不可數，複數 Christmases 或 Christmasses) (亦作定語)

(原基督教) 聖誕節，耶誕節
近義詞：(英國，俚語，幽默) Chrimble、(英國，俚語，幽默) Chrimbo、(澳大利亞，俚語) Chrissy、(英國，俚語，幽默) Crimble、(英國，俚語，幽默) Crimbo、Noel、Yule

Do you celebrate Christmas?
你過聖誕節嗎？

This Christmas we’ll open presents, then go to grandma’s for dinner.
這個聖誕節我們先拆禮物，然後去奶奶那裡吃晚飯。
- [[15th century] (date written), 「A Caroll Bringyng in the Bores Heed」, 出自 [Christmasse Carolles], London: […] Wynkyn de Worde, 出版於 1521, →OCLC; republished in Joseph Ames, Typographical Antiquities: Being a Historical Account of Printing in England: […], London: […] W[illiam] Faden, and sold by J. Robinson, […], 1749, →OCLC，第 96 頁，第 2 列:
  Be gladde, lordes, bothe more and lasse, / For this hath ordeyned our stewarde / To chere you all this christmasse / The bores heed with mustarde.
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）]
- Template:RQ:Grafton Chronicle
- Template:RQ:Dekker Dramatic Works
- Template:RQ:Bacon Henry 7
- Template:RQ:Dampier New Voyage
- Template:RQ:Spectator
- 1798 July, 「Account of Lincoln’s Inn: With a Perspective View of the Hall and Chapel」, 出自 The Universal Magazine of Knowledge and Pleasure; […], 第 CIII 卷, London: […] W[illiam] Bent, […], →OCLC，第 42 頁，第 2 列:
  The lord chancellor holds his fittings in this hall, and in former days, like the Temple, it had its revels and great Chriſtmaſſes. […] The account of the great feaſt in the hall of the Inner Temple, by the ſerjeants, in 1555, is extremely worth conſulting: and alſo of the hoſpitable Chriſtmaſſes of old times.
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- Template:RQ:Irving Sketch Book
- 1840 January, Sylvanus Swanquill [pseudonym; John Hewitt], 「Merry Christmas and Happy New Year」, 出自 The New Sporting Magazine, 第 XVIII 卷, 第 105 期, London: Walter Spiers, […], →OCLC，第 53 頁:
  “Lawk!” says our old granddam, who has taken the liberty of looking over our manuscript while we were gone to mix a glass of water and something. “Lawk!” says she, “how can you write such stuff? Christmas, indeed! you’ve no Christmas now. Do you call this Christmas? It’s more like a vapour bath. Such weather! Lawk, how times are changed! the Christmasses I remember! the good, old-fashioned Christmasses, when there was snow on the ground six feet deep, and poor people were starved to death by dozens, and you couldn’t go out without having your fingers frost-bitten, and coals were at six shillings a hundred, and canals froze up so that you couldn’t get your goods, and the roads all impassable, and daren’t ask a few friends to merrymake for fear of losing three or four of ’em going home in snow-drifts, and—oh, those were Christmasses! we shall never see such times again!”
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- Template:RQ:Dickens Christmas Carol
- Template:RQ:Tennyson In Memoriam
- 1859, [Florence] Marryatt, 章號 XXIX, 出自 Temper. A Novel., New York, N.Y.: Dick & Fitzgerald, […], →OCLC，第 205 頁:
  Reader have your Christmasses hitherto been marked with happiness? Thank God for it. […] Then mamma died—and later in your college days, dear Herbert, when you were both as tall as men, but as fond of play as ever—and we used to spend such happy Christmasses, till our dear father died, / “That was our first sad winter, the one which followed his death, for you remember how sadly we all missed him, and we were still in mourning—but the next one was a happy day, for Lawry was so full of spirits—and that was our last happy Christmas. Herbert darling, Lawrence has left the last impression of happiness on my memory—he, who has since broken up our domestic peace, and for a long time spoilt our Christmasses—Heaven bless him! […]”
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- Template:RQ:Christina Rossetti Time Flies
- 1942年7月30日, Irving Berlin （作曲作詞）, 「White Christmas」, 演出者 Bing Crosby, New York, N.Y.: Decca Records, →OCLC:
  I'm dreaming of a white Christmas / With every Christmas card I write / May your days be merry and bright / And may all your Christmases be white
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1943 (date written), 「Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas」, 出自 Ralph Blane 作詞, Hugo Martin 作曲, Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas: 源自the M.G.M. Picture Meet Me in St. Louis, 演出者 Judy Garland, New York, N.Y.: Leo Feist, 出版於 1944, →OCLC:
  Have yourself a merry little Christmas / Let your heart be light / Next year all our troubles will be out of sight
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1994, Cherry Drummond, The Remarkable Life of Victoria Drummond, Marine Engineer, London: The Institute of Marine Engineers, →ISBN，第 354 頁:
  The last time I saw her was a week before Christmas, 1980. We took down a fat branch of berried Megginch holly, which we stuck in a pot for a Christmas tree, hung with silver balls and glitters. Aunt Victoria looked at it, smiled and unexpectedly said, “Christmas.” Surely she was sitting there dreaming of Christmasses long past: Christmas in the South China Sea, the Christmas lights of Hong Kong, hot Christmasses so long ago in the Anchises under the Southern Cross stars, or even longer ago of Christmasses at Megginch, singing carols round the lighted Christmas tree in the hall, while Queen Victoria’s goddaughter in her starched white dress and bronze shoes had worn the sparkling pendant given her by the great Queen.
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1994年10月29日, Mariah Carey, Walter Afanasieff （作曲作詞）, 「All I Want for Christmas Is You」, 出自 Merry Christmas, 演出者 Mariah Carey, New York, N.Y.: Columbia Records, →OCLC:
  I don't want a lot for Christmas / There is just one thing I need / I don't care about the presents / Underneath the Christmas tree / I just want you for my own / More than you could ever know / Make my wish come true / All I want for Christmas is you
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
(常用於營銷) Christmas season (「聖誕季，聖誕節期間」)之簡寫
The last three Christmases have been good for retailers.
前三個聖誕季零售商的生意都不錯。

Christmas shoppers spent less this December than last year, but our store will probably see just as many returned items during the twelve days of Christmas.
這個12月份，聖誕節購物者花費比去年減小，但我們商店可能會在聖誕節期間的12天內收到一樣多的退貨。
- 1963年10月14日, Eddie [i.e., Edward] Pola, George Wyle （作曲作詞）, 「It’s the Most Wonderful Time of the Year」, 演出者 Andy Williams, New York, N.Y.: Columbia Records, →OCLC:
  There'll be parties for hosting / Marshmallows for toasting / And caroling out in the snow / There'll be scary ghost stories / And tales of the glories / Of Christmases long, long ago
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1981, John W[illard] Peterson （作曲作詞）, 「Christmas is Love」, Grand Rapids, Mich.: Singspiration, →OCLC:
  Christmas is such a wonderful time of the year / Christmas, it's the season of good cheer / […] / Christmas is love, Christmas is love / The love of God, oh that's the marvelous thing
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
美國境內的多個地名。
姓氏。

其他形式

Christmass, Christmasse (棄用)
Xmas, X-mas (縮寫、非正式)
Xtmas (縮寫、古舊)

衍生詞彙

派生語彙

→ 南非語: Krismis
→ 吉伯特語: Kiritimati
- → 英語: Kiritimati
→ 戈林語: geresma
→ 夏威夷語: Kalikimaka
→ 印地語: क्रिसमस (krismas)
→ 霍皮語: Kyesmis
→ 毛利語: Kirihimete
→ 孟語: ခရေတ်သမာတ်
→ 緬甸語: ခရစ္စမတ် (hka.racca.mat)
→ 日語: クリスマス (Kurisumasu)
→ 朝鮮語: 크리스마스 (Keuriseumaseu)
→ 西班牙語: Crismes
→ 斯瓦希里語: Krismasi

參見

(聯想詞)：

名詞

Christmas (不可數)

(非正式或英國，區域用語) 聖誕裝飾品（冬青等）
- Template:RQ:Cleland Way to Things
- Template:RQ:Dickens Pickwick Papers
- 1893 September, Percy Manning, 「[Folk-lore Miscellanea.] May-Day at Watford, Herts.」, 出自 Folk-lore: A Quarterly Review of Myth, Tradition, Institution, & Custom, 第 IV 卷, 第 III 期, London: David Nutt, […] for The Folk-lore Society, →OCLC，第 403 頁:
  Two of the girls carry between them on a stick what they call "the garland", […] The "garland" in shape reminds me of the "Christmas" which used to form the centre of the Christmas decorations in Yorkshire some few years ago, except that the latter had a bunch of mistletoe inside the hoops.
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

形容詞

Christmas (無比較級) (美國)

紅色和綠色的，聖誕配色的
(主要用於新墨西哥，烹飪，指一碟菜) 佐以紅綠辣椒的

動詞

Christmas (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 Christmases 或 Christmasses，現在分詞 Christmasing 或 Christmassing，一般過去時及過去分詞 Christmased 或 Christmassed)

(及物)
1. (非正式) 用聖誕裝飾品裝飾
  - Template:RQ:Mayhew London Labour
  - 1966, James Goldman, The Lion in Winter: A Comedy in Two Acts, New York, N.Y., Hollywood, Los Angeles, Calif.: Samuel French, →OCLC, Act I, scene ii，第 17 頁:
    (Moving to the holly boughs.) Come on; let's finish Christmassing the place.
    （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  - 2012, Robin S. Shapiro, 「It’s Never too Late to Play the Violin」, 出自 Touchstones: Essays on Spirituality and Healing, [Bloomington, Ind.]: Xlibris, →ISBN，第 27 頁:
    Haddonfield was completely Christmased deep in December. It was lovely to see the beautifully decorated shops. Huge bows adorned the streetlamps, aerosol snow framed the windows, and people bundled up were moving in and out of the shops as the aroma of spice and clove from holiday candles scented the air.
    （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
2. (棄用，罕用) 祝...聖誕快樂
  - Template:RQ:Chapman Works
(不及物)
1. 過聖誕節，慶祝聖誕節
  - 2016年11月3日, Ricki Green, 「David Jones asks 『How do Australians Christmas?』 in new campaign via TBWA Sydney」, 出自 Campaign Brief‎^[1]，2023-12-24歸檔自原頁面:
    The 2016 campaign via TBWA Sydney asks the question, ‘How do Australians Christmas?’ with a film to be launched today featuring global superstar and style icon, Cate Blanchett.
    （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
2. 度過聖誕節期間
  - 1878, 「Ironbark」 [pseudonym; George Herbert Gibson], 「Christmas in Australia」, 出自 Southerly Busters, Sydney, N.S.W.: John Sands, […], →OCLC，第 73 頁:
    I've Christmased since those palmy days / In many a varied spot, / And suffered many a weary phase / Of Christmas cold and hot.
    （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  - 1878 December, Horace L. Nicholson, 「Baulked by a Berry」, 出自 W. J. Morgan 編, The St. James’s Magazine and United Empire Review, 第 XXXIV 卷, London: Charing Cross Publishing Company, […], 出版於 1879, →OCLC，第 1107 頁:
    I have spent Christmas on the Severn, at Sharpness Point; in Paris, under siege, and among scenes of heartrending distress; among the Scotch hills, with Presbyterian severity, and I have Christmased in Normandy, where every tree seems green with mistletoe.
    （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  - 1889年7月6日, 「Facts and Fancies」, 出自 St. Stephen’s Review, 第 330 期, London: The Publishing Company, →OCLC，第 9 頁，第 1 列:
    Prince Albert Victor on arrival in India will land at Bombay, and travel through Southern India, proceeding from Madras by sea to Calcutta. He will Christmas at Calcutta, and then make a tour through Bengal, and pay a visit to the frontier.
    （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  - Template:RQ:Braddon Christmas Hirelings
  - 1938 January, Program: A Magazine for Program and Entertainment Committees, 第 4 卷, 第 4 期, New York, N.Y.: Program Company, →OCLC，第 7 頁:
    André Maurois will be one of the spearheads of the Harold R[eginald] Peat list for the coming season, a result of Mr. Peat’s holiday visit to England, where he Christmassed with H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells.
    （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  - 1993, Robert D[avid] Kaplan, 「End of the Rainbow」, 出自 The Arabists: The Romance of an American Elite, New York, N.Y.: The Free Press, →ISBN, part I (Dream)，第 80 頁:
    Christmasing in Khartoum, writing in his Cairo study about the Al Azhar University, overseeing the publication of learned articles about Moslem medievalism, attending conferences and tea parties hosted by his former AUB students, feted constantly in many an Arab capital, and filling up his diary with descriptions of the bazaars of Lucknow and the exotic birds of Asia, [Bayard] Dodge was reaping the bounty of a life devoted to the Arabs and Moslem culture.
    （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  - 2012年10月26日, Lorrene Desbien, 「December 22」, 出自 Losing Sarah: A Mother’s Journey to Peace, Bloomington, Ind.: AuthorHouse, →ISBN，第 64 頁:
    In particular, please keep my brother in your prayers as he Christmases in Afghanistan.
    （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

其他形式

Xmas (縮寫、非正式)

詞源 2

略自Jiminy Christmas，^[2]可能是Jiminy Cricket或Jiminy Crickets的變體，是Jesus Christ的委婉形式。

嘆詞

Christmas

(委婉) 真是的，天啊，我靠（表示厭煩或驚訝）
- 1930, Ellery Queen [pseudonym; Frederic Dannay, Manfred Bennington Lee], 「『The Time has Come …』」, 出自 The French Powder Mystery: A Problem in Deduction, New York, N.Y.: Frederick A[bbott] Stokes Company, →OCLC，第 269 頁:
  "I've been tottering on the edge … Christmas!" His eyes brightened with a sudden thought. "How stupid I've been!" he cried at once.
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1959, Ngaio Marsh, 「On the Scent」, 出自 False Scent, New York, N.Y.: Jove Books, 出版於 November 1981, →ISBN, section 3，第 158 頁:
  She said, "All right with you, Bertie?" / "Oh Christmas! he said. "I suppose so."
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）