沙丘

沙丘（英語：Dune）是由風或水驅動的沙子組成的地形。它通常以矮丘、山脊或小山的形式呈現。^[1] 具有沙丘的區域稱為沙丘系統（英語：dune system）^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]或沙丘複合體（英語：dune complex）^[6]。大型沙丘複合體被稱為dune field^[6]，而覆蓋著風吹沙或沙丘，且幾乎沒有植被的寬闊平坦區域，被稱為沙漠或沙海（英語：sand sea）^[7]^[6]。沙丘有不同的形狀和大小，但大多類型的沙丘在沙子被推上沙丘的一側較長，在背風側有較短的滑面（英語：slip face）^[6]。沙丘之間的山谷或槽，被稱為dune slack^[8]。

沙丘在荒漠環境中最常見，那裡缺乏水分而阻礙植被的生長，否則植被會干擾沙丘的發育。然而，沙子沉積並不限於荒漠，沙丘也存在於沿海地區、半乾旱氣候下的溪流沿岸、冰川沖刷地區，以及其他膠結不良的砂岩基岩崩解產生充足鬆散沙子的地區。^[9] 水下沙丘（英語：Subaqueous dune）可能經由水流（河流作用）對河流、河口灣和海床的沙子或礫石床的作用而形成。^[10]^[6]

一些沿海地區有一組或多組沙丘，與海灘直接內陸的海岸線平行。在大多情況下，沙丘對於保護土地免受海上風暴的潛在破壞非常重要。^[11] 有時，建造人工沙丘是為了保護海岸地區。^[12]^[13]

圖片集

一座位在納米比亞的沙丘
沙丘
沙丘
敦煌鸣沙山是一座固定的沙丘
维多利亚州威尔逊岬国家公园的大沙丘（Big Drift）
纳米比亚索苏斯盐沼的沙丘及影子

參考資料

^ Jackson, Julia A. (编). Dune [geomorph]. Glossary of geology. Fourth. Alexandria, Virginia: American Geological Institute. 1997. ISBN 0922152349.
^ Pavlovic, Noel B. Encyclopedia of Chicago. 2005. （原始内容存档于2023-09-12）使用|archiveurl=需要含有|url= (帮助). |chapter=被忽略 (帮助);
^ Sand dunes. Biology fieldwork. Field Studies Council. 2016 [15 January 2021]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-25）.
^ Dune systems (PDF). Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. [15 January 2021]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-09-20）.
^ The dune system. Restoconlife. Parco Nazionale Arcipelago Toscano. 2010 [15 January 2021]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-25）.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 ^6.4 Jackson, Julia A., ed. (1997). "Dune [geomorph]". Glossary of geology (Fourth ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: American Geological Institute. ISBN 0922152349.
^ Erg Landforms. WorldLandForms. [13 October 2019]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-19）.
^ Allaby, Michael (编). Dune slack. A dictionary of geology and earth sciences Fourth. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2008. ISBN 9780199653065.
^ Thornbury, William D. Principles of geomorphology 2d. New York: Wiley. 1969: 288–302. ISBN 0471861979.
^ Fowler, H.W.; Fowler, F.G. Sykes, J.B. , 编. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English 7th. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1984. ISBN 978-0-19-861132-5.
^ McClelland, Mac. Slip Sliding Away. Audubon. March 2015 [2024-08-02]. （原始内容存档于2024-07-05）.
^ Rijckaert, Alix. Dutch construct dunes against rising seas . The Telegraph. 20 November 2009 [15 January 2021]. （原始内容存档于11 January 2022）.
^ Artificial Sand Dunes and Dunes Rehabilitation (PDF). UNET DTU Partnership. 14 June 2018 [15 January 2021]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-11-17）.

[AGI-dune-1] Jackson, Julia A. (编). Dune [geomorph]. Glossary of geology. Fourth. Alexandria, Virginia: American Geological Institute. 1997. ISBN 0922152349.

[2] Pavlovic, Noel B. Encyclopedia of Chicago. 2005. （原始内容存档于2023-09-12）使用|archiveurl=需要含有|url= (帮助). |chapter=被忽略 (帮助);

[3] Sand dunes. Biology fieldwork. Field Studies Council. 2016 [15 January 2021]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-25）.

[4] Dune systems (PDF). Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. [15 January 2021]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-09-20）.

[5] The dune system. Restoconlife. Parco Nazionale Arcipelago Toscano. 2010 [15 January 2021]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-25）.

[:0-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 ^6.4 Jackson, Julia A., ed. (1997). "Dune [geomorph]". Glossary of geology (Fourth ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: American Geological Institute. ISBN 0922152349.

[7] Erg Landforms. WorldLandForms. [13 October 2019]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-19）.

[8] Allaby, Michael (编). Dune slack. A dictionary of geology and earth sciences Fourth. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2008. ISBN 9780199653065.

[thornbury-1969-9] Thornbury, William D. Principles of geomorphology 2d. New York: Wiley. 1969: 288–302. ISBN 0471861979.

[oxford-10] Fowler, H.W.; Fowler, F.G. Sykes, J.B. , 编. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English 7th. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1984. ISBN 978-0-19-861132-5.

[11] McClelland, Mac. Slip Sliding Away. Audubon. March 2015 [2024-08-02]. （原始内容存档于2024-07-05）.

[12] Rijckaert, Alix. Dutch construct dunes against rising seas . The Telegraph. 20 November 2009 [15 January 2021]. （原始内容存档于11 January 2022）.

[13] Artificial Sand Dunes and Dunes Rehabilitation (PDF). UNET DTU Partnership. 14 June 2018 [15 January 2021]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-11-17）.

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