特斯科科湖(西班牙語:Lago de Texcoco),是一个历史上存在于墨西哥中部墨西哥谷中的内流湖,该湖湖平面海拔高达2,242米,在冬季枯水期分为五个相互连通的湖泊。

特斯科科湖
Lago de Texcoco
位置 墨西哥中部
坐标19°25′10″N 99°08′00″W / 19.41944°N 99.13333°W / 19.41944; -99.13333
类型湖泊
表面积2,100平方英里(5,400平方公里)
最大深度超过500英尺(150米)
表面海拔7,349英尺(2,240米)
約1519年時的墨西哥谷地形(湖的範圍與上圖略有差異)

墨西哥城及其前身特諾奇提特蘭,原本即位于该湖中的岛屿上,由于城市的不断发展,该湖现已消失,仅在墨西哥城城东4公里处留下了一块盐碱沼泽,為密集都會區旁的一塊大空地,由于该湖的消失,墨西哥城已经成为了一座缺水城市。

另外,墨西哥城位於原該湖中鬆軟的湖泊沉積物上,這讓它在地震期間容易受到土壤液化的影響,並可能導致建築物的倒塌以及人員的傷亡。1985年墨西哥城大地震即為一個很好的例子,當時的地震使得墨西哥城受到嚴重的破壞。

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参考文献

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Rojas Rabiela, Teresa. Las cuencas lacustres del Altiplano Central (PDF). Arqueología mexicana英语Arqueología mexicana (México, D.F.: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia英语Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Editorial Raíces). July–August 2004, 12 (68): 20–27. ISSN 0188-8218. OCLC 29789840. (原始内容 (PDF online reproduction)存档于2008-05-11) (西班牙语). 
Siebe, Claus; Peter Schaaf; Jaime Urrutia-Fucugauchi. Mammoth bones embedded in a late Pleistocene lahar from Popocatépetl volcano, near Tocuila, central México. Geological Society of America Bulletin (Boulder, CO: Geological Society of America英语Geological Society of America). October 1999, 111 (10): 1550–1562. ISSN 0016-7606. OCLC 94209925. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<1550:MBEIAL>2.3.CO;2. 

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