突厥沙希王朝

Turk Shahis
突厥沙希王朝
Turk Shahis; 突厥沙希王朝
665—850 CE
	一位突厥沙希王朝早期的君主
	吐火羅葉護政權阿拉伯帝國拜占庭帝國西突厥遮婁其王朝瞿折羅-普臘蒂哈臘王朝卡爾科塔王朝唐朝巴托拉沙希王朝（英语：Patola Shahi）突厥沙希王朝約略的位置
	昆都士撒馬爾罕赫拉特印度西突厥巴尔赫突厥沙希王朝坎大哈加兹尼喀布尔訶達羅支吉尔吉特巴托拉沙希王朝（英语：Patola Shahis）吐火罗叶护政权卡爾科塔王朝乌铎迦汉荼（英语：Udabhanda）夏都喀布爾、冬都乌铎迦汉荼（英语：Udabhanda）和其他重要城市
首都	喀布爾
常用语言	巴克特里亞語
宗教	佛教、古波斯信仰（英语：Ancient Iranian religion）
Tegin
• 665－680	巴爾哈特勤
• 680－739	烏散特勤灑
• 739－745	拂菻罽婆
• 745－?	勃匐准
• ?－c. 850	拉格圖爾曼
历史时期	中世紀早期
• 建立	665
• 终结	850 CE
前身	继承
	嚈噠
	艾肯匈人
	涅扎克匈人
訶達羅支
印度沙希王朝
薩法爾王朝
今属于	阿富汗、巴基斯坦

突厥沙希王朝是一個665年至850年統治喀布里斯坦、迦畢試、訶達羅支與犍陀羅等地（今阿富汗）的西突厥或西突厥-嚈噠王朝^[3]^[4] ，以喀布爾為都。六世紀中葉起突厥人自河中地區向東南方涅扎克匈人（英语：Nezak Huns）的領地擴張，占領巴克特里亞和興都庫什等地，產生了數個獨立政權^[5]，突厥沙希王朝便是其中之一，可能曾是鄰近的吐火羅葉護政權之附庸^[3]。七世紀中葉巴爾哈特勤建立了突厥沙希王朝，此時期阿拉伯帝國開始向東擴張，其子烏散特勤灑在位期間曾與其發生數次衝突。九世紀突厥沙希王朝被阿拔斯帝國擊敗，被迫改宗伊斯蘭教並向後者納貢^[2]，850年末代國王拉格圖爾曼被他的一名婆羅門官員廢黜，政權由印度沙希王朝取代^[6]。870年薩法爾王朝佔領了喀布爾^[7]。

參考文獻

^ "Contained within a clay urn were a gold bracteate with the portrait of a ruler, three early drachms of the Turk-Shahis (Type 236, one of which is countermarked), and a countermarked drachm of the Sasanian king 霍斯劳二世 dating from year 37 of his reign (= 626/7). The two countermarks on Khusro 's drachm prove that the urn could only have been deposited after 689" ALRAM, MICHAEL. From the Sasanians to the Huns New Numismatic Evidence from the Hindu Kush (PDF). The Numismatic Chronicle. 2014, 174: 282–285. ISSN 0078-2696. JSTOR 44710198.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Alram, Michael; Filigenzi, Anna; Kinberger, Michaela; Nell, Daniel; Pfisterer, Matthias; Vondrovec, Klaus. The Countenance of the other (The Coins of the Huns and Western Turks in Central Asia and India) 2012-2013 exhibit: 16. THE HINDU SHAHIS IN KABULISTAN AND GANDHARA AND THE ARAB CONQUEST. Pro.geo.univie.ac.at. Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna. [July 22, 2017]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-10）. 参数|newspaper=与模板{{cite web}}不匹配（建议改用{{cite news}}或|website=） (帮助)
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Kim, Hyun Jin. The Huns. Routledge. 19 November 2015: 58–59 [2021-05-01]. ISBN 978-1-317-34090-4. （原始内容存档于2021-03-02）.
^ "The advance of Islamic forces both into Tokharistan in the north and into Zabulistan farther south was opposed by local rulers of probably Western Turkish identity" in Vondrovec, Klaus. Coinage of the Nezak: 181. [2021-05-01]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-13）.
^ "The period from 560 CE onwards would be that of the Western Turks, although it is not clear how and foremost when they gained power over Bactria and the Hindukush-region. Minoru Inaba states that "gradually having extended their power, they came to be independent ..."" in Vondrovec, Klaus. Coinage of the Nezak: 173. [2021-05-01]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-13）.
^ 16. The Hindu Shahis in Kabulistan and Gandhara and the Arab conquest | Digitaler Ausstellungskatalog. pro.geo.univie.ac.at. [26 March 2020]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-10）.
^ Chopra, P.N. A Comprehensive History Of Ancient India (3 Vol. Set). Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. 2003 [2021-05-01]. ISBN 978-81-207-2503-4. （原始内容存档于2022-04-07）.

Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (2007). Historic Cities of the Islamic World. p. 280.

[MA283-1] "Contained within a clay urn were a gold bracteate with the portrait of a ruler, three early drachms of the Turk-Shahis (Type 236, one of which is countermarked), and a countermarked drachm of the Sasanian king 霍斯劳二世 dating from year 37 of his reign (= 626/7). The two countermarks on Khusro 's drachm prove that the urn could only have been deposited after 689" ALRAM, MICHAEL. From the Sasanians to the Huns New Numismatic Evidence from the Hindu Kush (PDF). The Numismatic Chronicle. 2014, 174: 282–285. ISSN 0078-2696. JSTOR 44710198.

[KHM16-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Alram, Michael; Filigenzi, Anna; Kinberger, Michaela; Nell, Daniel; Pfisterer, Matthias; Vondrovec, Klaus. The Countenance of the other (The Coins of the Huns and Western Turks in Central Asia and India) 2012-2013 exhibit: 16. THE HINDU SHAHIS IN KABULISTAN AND GANDHARA AND THE ARAB CONQUEST. Pro.geo.univie.ac.at. Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna. [July 22, 2017]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-10）. 参数|newspaper=与模板{{cite web}}不匹配（建议改用{{cite news}}或|website=） (帮助)

[HJK58-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Kim, Hyun Jin. The Huns. Routledge. 19 November 2015: 58–59 [2021-05-01]. ISBN 978-1-317-34090-4. （原始内容存档于2021-03-02）.

[4] "The advance of Islamic forces both into Tokharistan in the north and into Zabulistan farther south was opposed by local rulers of probably Western Turkish identity" in Vondrovec, Klaus. Coinage of the Nezak: 181. [2021-05-01]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-13）.

[5] "The period from 560 CE onwards would be that of the Western Turks, although it is not clear how and foremost when they gained power over Bactria and the Hindukush-region. Minoru Inaba states that "gradually having extended their power, they came to be independent ..."" in Vondrovec, Klaus. Coinage of the Nezak: 173. [2021-05-01]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-13）.

[pro.geo.univie.ac.at-6] 16. The Hindu Shahis in Kabulistan and Gandhara and the Arab conquest | Digitaler Ausstellungskatalog. pro.geo.univie.ac.at. [26 March 2020]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-10）.

[7] Chopra, P.N. A Comprehensive History Of Ancient India (3 Vol. Set). Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. 2003 [2021-05-01]. ISBN 978-81-207-2503-4. （原始内容存档于2022-04-07）.

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